skin cancer Flashcards

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1
Q

two types of skin cancer

A

keratinocyte skin cancers (basal cell and squamous cell)

melanomas

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2
Q

what are benign melanocytes called

A

melanocytic naevi or moles

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3
Q

which skin cancer is more likely to metastasize

A

melanoma

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4
Q

where to melanocytes migrate to the skin from

A

the neural crest

motile cells that move around

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5
Q

ABCDE rule for melanoma

A
asymmetry
border
colour
diameter (>6mm)
evolution
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6
Q

what is the commonest skin cancer in fair skin

A

keratinocyte skin cancers

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7
Q

features of basal cell carcinoma

A
slow growing lump
painless
locally invasive but doesnt spread
often translucent
skin surgery
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8
Q

features of squamous cell carcinoma

A

warty or crusted lump or ulcer
arises on sun-damaged skin
grows faster and may be painful
can metastasize if neglected

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9
Q

what are the types of BCC

A
superficial
nodular
morphoeic (infilrative)
rodent ulcer
pigmented
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10
Q

is BCC or SCC seen more in older patients

A

SCC

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11
Q

what is a keratocanthoma

A

self-resolving form of SCC

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12
Q

where doe SCCs generally metastasise to

A

lymph nodes

bone

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13
Q

what are actinic keratoses

A

precancerous skin lesions

field of abnormality

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14
Q

risk factors for skin cancer

A

sun exposure/ skin type
genetic susceptibility
immunosuppression
other environmental carcinogens

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15
Q

name genetic diseases that are risk factor for skin cancer

A

xeroderma pigmentosum
(babies get sunburnt in a few seconds in sun, early photoageing)
oculocutaneous albinism (absence of melanin)
nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin’s syndrome)
recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (butterfly disease, type VII collagen deficiency)

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16
Q

examples of immunosuppression in humans that increases skin cancer risk

A
  • organ transplant recipients
  • haematological malignancies
  • inflammatory conditions requiring immunosuppressive therapies
  • HIV/AIDs
17
Q

what are some environmental carcinogens

A

coal tar, smoking, ionising radiation, arsenic, trauma, chronic ulceration