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Skin Biology > Skin Revision > Flashcards

Skin Revision Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the 5 main layers of the Epidermis?

A
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum Lucidum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Basle Layer
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1
Q

What are the 3 main layers of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis
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2
Q

Briefly describe the role of the Stratum Corneum.

A

First line of defence against the external environment.

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3
Q

Briefly describe the role of the Stratum Lucidum

A

Clear layer of skin found only in your palms and soles. Lowers the effects of friction.

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4
Q

Breifly describe the role of the stratum Granulosum

A

The stratum granulosum conatins keratohylin granules which dries and toughens cells to form the topmost layer of the epidermis.

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5
Q

Briefly describe the role of the stratum Spinosum

A

Producing and maintaining moisture. It is also where you will find the langerhan cells which protect against foreign materials.

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6
Q

Briefly describe the role of the Basle Layer

A

The Basle layer is where mitosis takes place. The keratinocytes constantly divide and produce new cells which push older cells up towards the surface of the skin where they eventually shed. This layer also contains melanocytes which produce the colour pigment in our skin and protect from UV rays.

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7
Q

The Epidermis always has 5 layers?

A

False, the stratum Lucidum is only found in the palms and soles.

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8
Q

What is the name of the tissue found in the epidermis?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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9
Q

What is the main type of cell found in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

What layer of the epidermis is the largest?

A

The stratum spinosum

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11
Q

What are the Immune cells called in the epidermis?

A

Langerhans and Gransteins

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12
Q

What is the function of the melanocyte, why is it important?

A

Melanocytes produce melanosomes which are small granules filled with melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin colour and also provides protection from UV rays.

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13
Q

How does this cell produce pigment? What process does this go through?

A

Melanization. Which is where the melanocytes produce melanin

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14
Q

The Stratum Germinativum is multi-layered - true or false?

A

False, it is only single layered.

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15
Q

There are four cells found in the epidermis can you name all 4?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans and Granstein’s.

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16
Q

Explain Mitosis and where does Mitosis get it energy from to produce healthy cells?

A

Mitosis is cell reproduction where the keratinocytes split in half and produce identical daughter cells. Mitosis gets it’s energy from the Vascular system.

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17
Q

What is the name of the upper and lower regions of the dermis?

A

Papillary region and the reticular region

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18
Q

Can you list what types of tissue is found in the dermis?

A

Connective Tissue

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19
Q

What is the name of the gel that holds the dermis and it’s structure together?

A

Ground substance

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20
Q

What is the name of the proteins found in the skin which is responsible for giving the skin it’s elasticity?

A

Collagen and Elastin

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21
Q

List 3 other things found in the dermis?

A

Capillaries, Nerve endings and arrector pili muscle

22
Q

What is the skins primary role?

A

Protection

23
Q

What is the function of the subcutaneous layer?

A

Cushion, insulation and energy converter

24
Q

What type of tissue is found in this layer?

A

Adipose fat cells

25
Q

What are the 6 main functions of the skin?

A 
Sensation 
Protection 
Excretion 
Immunity 
Vitamin D Synthesis 
Thermoregulation
26
Q

What does the sebaceous gland do?

A

Produces sebum

27
Q

Where are the sebaceous glands located?

A

All over the body except for the palms and soles

28
Q

Are all sebaceous glands attached to hair follicles?

A

Yes

29
Q

When is the production of sebum increased?

A

Aged 10-19 when you are going through puberty

30
Q

What does the Arector Pili Muscle do?

A

The Arector pili muscle contracts when you are cold causing the hair to stand on end also known as goosebumps.

31
Q

Where is the Eccrine gland located?

A

Everywhere especially the face, palms of hands and soles of feet

32
Q

Where is the Apocrine gland found?

A

Armpits and genital area as well as nipples, ear canal and nose wings

33
Q

What is the stimulus for perspiration.

A

Thermal
Emotional
Gustatory
Ovulation, Menstruation and menopause

34
Q

Apocrine glands have a sticky, milky coloured fluid that dries like glue?

A

True

35
Q

The apocrine fluid is odourless?

A

True but turns smelly when combined with bacteria

36
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A

Sensory Neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons

37
Q

What do Meissners Corpuscles pick up?

A

Light touch

38
Q

What do pacinan corpuscles pick up?

A

Vibration, pressure and touch

39
Q

What do ruffini corpuscles pick up?

A

Heat

40
Q

What do bulbs of Krouse pick up?

A

Cold receptors, vibration and touch

41
Q

What do nocieptors pick up?

A

Pain

42
Q

What receptors would be stimulated if you were having a massage?

A

Meissners corpuscles, pacinan corpuscles, bulbs of Krause and maybe nociceptors

43
Q

What receptors would be stimulated if we were having a sauna?

A

Ruffini corpuscles

44
Q

What receptors would be stimulated if you were having waxing?

A

Meissners corpuscles, pacinan corpusles, ruffini corpuscles and nociceptors

45
Q

What are the 2 ways a cell can send signals to other cell?

A

Releasing hormones and point to point signals

46
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

Neurons that pick up information from the environment

47
Q

What are interneurons?

A

Neurons that receive sensory messages and send responses

48
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

Doing/action neurons

49
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability of the body to maintain it’s internal temperature

50
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

The process that allows the human body to maintain it’s core internal temperature.

51
Q

What does a neuron consist of?

A

Cell body
Axon
Dendrite

52
Q

What does a dendrite do?

A

Brings information to the cell body

53
Q

What do axons do?

A

Take information away from the cell body.

Skin Biology (3 decks)

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