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Skin Biology > Skin Bio Exam Revision > Flashcards

Skin Bio Exam Revision Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the daily roles of the skin?

A

Homeostasis - the ability of the human body to maintain a constant in an ever changing environment.
Thermoregulation - the process the body goes through to maintain this constant.

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1
Q

5 Main Components of the Integumentary System?

A 
Hair 
Skin 
Nails
Glands 
Receptors
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2
Q

Which extra layer of the epidermis is only found on the palms and soles?

A

Stratum Lucidum

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3
Q

What are the Epidermal layers?

A 
Stratum Corneum 
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Basle Layer
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4
Q

What are the 4 different types of cells found in the Epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhan Cells
Gransteins

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5
Q

Keratinocytes contain a substance called Melanin? True or False?

A

False, Melanin is found in Melanocytes.

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6
Q

6 main body functions of the skin?

A 
Sensation 
Protection 
Excretion 
Immunity 
Vitamin D Synthesis 
Thermoregulation
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7
Q

Is sebum composed of lipids, fatty free acids and triglycerides? True or False?

A

True

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8
Q

The composition of sweat includes sodium, urea, water and potassium. True or False?

A

True

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9
Q

Melanocytes originate from the neural crest. True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

Is discharge of the sebaceous and sudoriferous glands voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

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11
Q

If a client has excessive sebaceous activity what condition could you see on the skin?

A

Acne and Oily Skin

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12
Q

Name 4 receptors found in the skin

A 
Ruffini Corpuscles
Baulbs of Krouse
Pacinan Corpuscles 
Nociceptors 
Meissners corpuscles
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13
Q

Communication is through synapse and neurotransmitters. True or False?

A

True

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14
Q

What are the THREE types of neurons?

A

Sensory Neurons - Picks up information from the environment
Interneurons - Processing department
Motor Neurons - doing/action neurons

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15
Q

The vascular system assists with Thermoregulation? True or false?

A

True

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16
Q

Examples of thermoregulation are?

A

Sweating, shivering, goosebumps.

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17
Q

What does connective tissue do in the dermis?

A

Cushioning, supporting and maintaining the body’s form.

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18
Q

What are the these glands of the skin? And briefly describe what they secrete and why?

A

Sebaceous glands - located everywhere except soles and palms and found in the hair follicle, produces oil to lubricate and waterproof the skin.
Eccrine glands - produces sweat, located everywhere especially face, palms and soles, it’s role is to provide thermoregulation and excretion.
Apocrine gland - produces sweat, located mainly in the armpit and genital area, attached to the hair follicle.

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19
Q

What receptors would be stimulated if we were having a massage?

A

Cold or heat, pressure, touch and vibration.

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20
Q

What receptors would be stimulated if we were having a sauna?

A

Heat

21
Q

What receptors would be stimulated if we were having a wax?

A

Heat, pain, touch, pressure.

22
Q

What are the 3 main elements that contribute to the colour of skin?

A

Melanin
Carotene
Blood

23
Q

What is the Fitzpatrick scale?

A

A skin type classification based on the complexion and response to sun exposure.

24
Q

What would skin type 1 (I) look like?

A

Very fair. Always burns and never tans.

25
Q

What would skin type 2 (II) look like?

A

Fair. Burns in sun and tans difficulty.

26
Q

What would skin type 3 (III) look like?

A

Fair. Burns but tans gradually.

27
Q

What would skin type 4 (VI) look like?

A

Medium. hardly ever burns and tans easily.

28
Q

What would skin type 5 (V) look like?

A

Light brown. Rarely burns and tans fairly well.

29
Q

What would skin type 6 (IV) look like?

A

Dark brown. Never burns and is deeply pigmented.

30
Q

What is erythema?

A

Redness of the skin.

31
Q

What does minimal erythema dose mean? (M.E.D)

A

Shortest time the skin can stay in the sun before developing erythema

32
Q

When exposed to sun, within minutes, the skin will develop immediate redness with an increase of basic-permeability. What is this process called?

A

Primary erythema

33
Q

Within hours after sun exposure, the skin will develop delayed redness with an inflammatory response from chemicals released from damaged cells in the epidermis reaching the dermis. What is this process?

A

Secondary erythema.

34
Q

Where do melanocytes originate from and what do they produce?

A

Neural crest and they produce melanin

35
Q

Depending on the skin type immediate erythema can develop within minutes? True of false?

A

True

36
Q

Give 4 factors that determine the efficacy of sunscreen?

A

Amount applied
Skin type of user
Frequency of application
Activities in which one is involved in

37
Q

What type of people would IPL not be suitable for?

A

Type I skin types

38
Q

Identify and explain the 3 light optical properties of the skin?

A

Reflection of light on to the skin
Absorption of light into epidermis
Transmission of light into the dermis

39
Q

How does the skin defend itself from UVA and UVB rays?

A

Hyper reproduction of keratinised cells and melanocytes hyperactivity

40
Q

What does connective tissue do in the dermis?

A

Cushions and maintains body shape

41
Q

What are the 3 glands in the skin? And briefly describe what they secrete and why?

A

Sebaceous gland - produces sebum, located mainly on the face, back and chest
Eccrine gland - produces sweat, distributed everywhere especially palms, soles and forehead.
Apocrine gland - produces sweat, mainly underarms and groin.

42
Q

What is primary/temporary melanisation?

A

Temporary tanning

43
Q

What is secondary/long lasting melanisation?

A

Long lasting tanning

44
Q

What is beneficial to chemical dihydroxyacetone (DHA)?

A

No need to expose yourself to the sun for long periods of time to get a tan.

45
Q

List 4 main factors affecting hair growth?

A

Heat/weather
Hormones
Genetics
Medication/chemicals

46
Q

3 cycles of hair growth

A

Anogen
Catogen
Telogen

47
Q

Which one of those stages is best to per from an epilation/waxing treatment and why?

A

Anogen, because it is still in it’s active growth stage and is still attached to the follicle

48
Q

Waxing may have an exfoliating effect on the epidermis but effects the dermis as this is where the follicle is located. True or false?

A

True

49
Q

Why is it important to follow workplace policies and procedures and occupational health and safety regulations and legislation, and what is the relevant legislation that applies to beauty salons?

A

To prevent cross contamination
Apply sterilisation standards
Dispose of waste correctly
Follow work health and safety act

Skin Biology (3 decks)

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