Skin Quiz

Question 1

What does integument mean?

Answer 1

The protective outer layer: Skin & Appendages of the skin

Question 2

What are the appendages of the skin?

Answer 2

• Oil glands (sebaceous)
• Hair
• Sweat glands (sudoriferous)
• Nails

Question 3

Epidermis LAYERS

Answer 3

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
(Big. Stinky. Gorillas. Like. Corn)

Question 4

Stratum corneum

Answer 4

• Cells are dead and shed continuously
  -Up to 3/4 of the thickness of the epidermis
• Full of keratin
• Protects against abrasion and penetration
• Waterproofs the skin

Question 5

Stratum lucidum

Answer 5

• Keratinocytes are dead
• “Clear” layer
• Cells lose nuclei and die
• Found only in thick skin

Question 6

Stratum granulosum

Answer 6

-Keratinocytes are living, but begin to die
-Keratinocytes begin producing granules called keratohyalin granules
- Releases lamellar bodies – release lipids that waterproof our skin

Question 7

Stratum spinosum

Answer 7

• Keratinocytes are living
• Keratinocytes are connected by desmosomes making them appear spiny

Question 8

Stratum basale

Answer 8

• Keratinocytes are living
• Deepest epidermal layer
• Right above and attached to the dermis
• Single row of stem cells that constantly undergo mitosis, creating keratinocytes and pushing the higher layers up

Question 9

Epidermis (Characteristics)

Answer 9

• Superficial layer of the skin
• Made of epithelial cells
• Outermost protective layer of the body
• Avascular

Question 9

Dermis (Characteristics)

Answer 9

• Deeper layer of the skin
• Makes up most of the skin
• Made of connective tissue
• Vascular

Question 10

Hypodermis (Characteristics)

Answer 10

• Not part of the skin!
• Deep to the skin
• Also known as Subcutaneous Tissue
• Made of adipose tissue

Question 11

Keratinocytes

Answer 11

• Produced in the stratum basale - Get pushed upward by new cells beneath them, as they approach the surface they flatten and die
• 90% of epidermal cells
• Produces keratin

Question 12

Keratin

Answer 12

• A protein that helps the epidermis protect from abrasions/ penetration and remain waterproof
• Made from Keratinocytes

Question 13

What causes Keratinocytes to produce?

Answer 13

Friction (Callus)

Question 14

Langerhans cells (dendritic cells)

Answer 14

• Found in bone marrow
• Stratum Spinosum
• Ingests foreign substances and activates our immune system

Question 15

Melanocytes (Spider Shaped)

Answer 15

• Produces Melanin
• Everyone has similar numbers of melanocytes
• ONLY found in stratum BASALE

Question 16

Melanin

Answer 16

• A Pigment that determines hair, skin, and eye color
• Made by melanocytes
• Covers keratinocytes, protection from UV radiation

Question 17

Merkel cells (tactile epithelial cells)

Answer 17

• Found between the epidermis and dermis
• Sense light touch

Question 18

Keratohyalin Granules

Answer 18

Helps form keratin in the upper strata

Question 19

Lamellar Bodies

Answer 19

Waterproofs our skin with lipids

Question 20

Bone Marrow

Answer 20

Creates Langerhan cells / Dendritic cells

Question 21

Sebaceous gland

Answer 21

• Secretes Sebum (oily)
• SMALL
• Grows alongside a hair follicle

Question 22

Sebaceous gland function & purpose?

Answer 22

• Produce and secrete sebum
• Lubricates the skin

Question 23

Sudoriferous gland

Answer 23

• Produces Sweat
• Found everywhere EXCEPT for genitals and nipples where there’s a different type
• Maintains HOMEOSTASIS body temperature

Question 24

How does Evaporative Cooling work?

Answer 24

Evaporation to cool skin - cool down body temperature

Question 25

Eccrine Glands

Answer 25

- Found on the palms, soles of feet, and forehead - 99% water + some salt + traces of waste - Prevents the body from over-heating

Question 26

Apocrine Glands

Answer 26

- ~ 2,000 - Found ONLY in the axillary (armpit) and genital regions - Larger than eccrine glands - + fats = bacteria on the skin feed on it and create body odor - begin functioning at puberty - little role in maintaining body temperature - Ceruminous glands - Mammary glands

Question 27

Ceruminous glands

Answer 27

Produce ear wax (cerumen)

Question 28

Mammary glands

Answer 28

Produce milk

Question 29

Ruffini endings

Answer 29

Detect stretch, deformation within joints, and warmth.

Question 30

Inflammatory Response

Answer 30

Occurs when tissues are injured

Question 31

Adipose tissue

Answer 31

- Adheres skin to underlying muscle (anchored loosely enough to allow skin to slide) - Insulates heat - Absorbs shock

Question 32

Sensory nerve

Answer 32

Sends messages from the Merkel cells, Meissner’s corpuscles, free nerve endings, and Pacinian corpuscles to the brain

Question 33

Motor nerve

Answer 33

Sends messages from the brain to the arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands

Question 34

Blood vessels

Answer 34

- Delivers blood to and from the skin - Artery - Vein

Question 35

Vein

Answer 35

Takes away blood with CO2 and waste

Question 35

Artery

Answer 35

drops off blood with oxygen and nutrients

Question 36

Insulates

Answer 36

Adipose Tissue

Question 37

Absorbs shock

Answer 37

Adipose Tissue

Question 38

Free nerve endings

Answer 38

Sense pain, heat, cold, itching, and tickling