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Anatomy & Physiology > Skin Quiz > Flashcards

Skin Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What does integument mean?

A

The protective outer layer: Skin & Appendages of the skin

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2
Q

What are the appendages of the skin?

A
  • Oil glands (sebaceous)
  • Hair
  • Sweat glands (sudoriferous)
  • Nails
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3
Q

Epidermis LAYERS

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
(Big. Stinky. Gorillas. Like. Corn)

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4
Q

Stratum corneum

A
  • Cells are dead and shed continuously
    -Up to 3/4 of the thickness of the epidermis
  • Full of keratin
  • Protects against abrasion and penetration
  • Waterproofs the skin
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5
Q

Stratum lucidum

A
  • Keratinocytes are dead
  • “Clear” layer
  • Cells lose nuclei and die
  • Found only in thick skin
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6
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

-Keratinocytes are living, but begin to die
-Keratinocytes begin producing granules called keratohyalin granules
- Releases lamellar bodies – release lipids that waterproof our skin

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7
Q

Stratum spinosum

A
  • Keratinocytes are living
  • Keratinocytes are connected by desmosomes making them appear spiny
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8
Q

Stratum basale

A
  • Keratinocytes are living
  • Deepest epidermal layer
  • Right above and attached to the dermis
  • Single row of stem cells that constantly undergo mitosis, creating keratinocytes and pushing the higher layers up
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9
Q

Epidermis (Characteristics)

A
  • Superficial layer of the skin
  • Made of epithelial cells
  • Outermost protective layer of the body
  • Avascular
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9
Q

Dermis (Characteristics)

A
  • Deeper layer of the skin
  • Makes up most of the skin
  • Made of connective tissue
  • Vascular
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10
Q

Hypodermis (Characteristics)

A
  • Not part of the skin!
  • Deep to the skin
  • Also known as Subcutaneous Tissue
  • Made of adipose tissue
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11
Q

Keratinocytes

A
  • Produced in the stratum basale - Get pushed upward by new cells beneath them, as they approach the surface they flatten and die
  • 90% of epidermal cells
  • Produces keratin
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12
Q

Keratin

A
  • A protein that helps the epidermis protect from abrasions/ penetration and remain waterproof
  • Made from Keratinocytes
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13
Q

What causes Keratinocytes to produce?

A

Friction (Callus)

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14
Q

Langerhans cells (dendritic cells)

A
  • Found in bone marrow
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Ingests foreign substances and activates our immune system
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15
Q

Melanocytes (Spider Shaped)

A
  • Produces Melanin
  • Everyone has similar numbers of melanocytes
  • ONLY found in stratum BASALE
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16
Q

Melanin

A
  • A Pigment that determines hair, skin, and eye color
  • Made by melanocytes
  • Covers keratinocytes, protection from UV radiation
17
Q

Merkel cells (tactile epithelial cells)

A
  • Found between the epidermis and dermis
  • Sense light touch
18
Q

Keratohyalin Granules

A

Helps form keratin in the upper strata

19
Q

Lamellar Bodies

A

Waterproofs our skin with lipids

20
Q

Bone Marrow

A

Creates Langerhan cells / Dendritic cells

21
Q

Sebaceous gland

A
  • Secretes Sebum (oily)
  • SMALL
  • Grows alongside a hair follicle
22
Q

Sebaceous gland function & purpose?

A
  • Produce and secrete sebum
  • Lubricates the skin
23
Q

Sudoriferous gland

A
  • Produces Sweat
  • Found everywhere EXCEPT for genitals and nipples where there’s a different type
  • Maintains HOMEOSTASIS body temperature
24
Q

How does Evaporative Cooling work?

A

Evaporation to cool skin - cool down body temperature

25
Q

Eccrine Glands

A
  • Found on the palms, soles of feet, and forehead
  • 99% water + some salt + traces of waste
  • Prevents the body from over-heating
26
Q

Apocrine Glands

A
  • ~ 2,000
  • Found ONLY in the axillary (armpit) and genital regions
  • Larger than eccrine glands
    • fats = bacteria on the skin feed on it and create body odor
  • begin functioning at puberty
  • little role in maintaining body temperature
  • Ceruminous glands
  • Mammary glands
27
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

Produce ear wax (cerumen)

28
Q

Mammary glands

A

Produce milk

29
Q

Ruffini endings

A

Detect stretch, deformation within joints, and warmth.

30
Q

Inflammatory Response

A

Occurs when tissues are injured

31
Q

Adipose tissue

A
  • Adheres skin to underlying muscle (anchored loosely enough to allow skin to slide)
  • Insulates heat
  • Absorbs shock
32
Q

Sensory nerve

A

Sends messages from the Merkel cells, Meissner’s corpuscles, free nerve endings, and Pacinian corpuscles to the brain

33
Q

Motor nerve

A

Sends messages from the brain to the arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands

34
Q

Blood vessels

A
  • Delivers blood to and from the skin
  • Artery
  • Vein
35
Q

Vein

A

Takes away blood with CO2 and waste

35
Q

Artery

A

drops off blood with oxygen and nutrients

36
Q

Insulates

A

Adipose Tissue

37
Q

Absorbs shock

A

Adipose Tissue

38
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Sense pain, heat, cold, itching, and tickling

Anatomy & Physiology (1 decks)

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