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Anatomy & Physiology > Nervous System Quiz > Flashcards

Nervous System Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Order of Nervous System

A

Look at “DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM” Chart

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2
Q

Soma

A

Contains organelles.

Produces proteins and molecules needed for a neuron to send/receive an impulse.

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Does what you would expect a typical cell body!

Has organelles, such as cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, rough ER, ribosomes, a Golgi apparatus, and more!

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4
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive impulses from previous neuron.

Short and highly branched.

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5
Q

Axon

A

Carries impulse away from the soma and toward the next neuron.

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6
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Lipid layer.

Insulates the axon.

Speeds up the transmission of action potentials along the axon.

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7
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon.

Impulses “skip” to them.

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8
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Where the axon joins the cell body.

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9
Q

Axon Terminals

A

Fine projections at the end of an axon that pass the impulse to the next neuron.

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10
Q

Synaptic End Bulbs

A

Store neurotransmitters that are released into the synapse due to impulses.

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11
Q

How long do Neurons live?

A

Neurons can live a whole lifetime.

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12
Q

Why can’t Neurons be replaced?

A

They do not divide, and use a constant supply of ATP and oxygen – they cannot survive for more than a few minutes without oxygen

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13
Q

How are Neurons classified STRUCTURALLY?

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

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14
Q

How are neurons classified FUNCTIONALLY?

A

Sensory neurons

Motor neurons

Interneurons

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15
Q

Multipolar

A

Have many processes.

One long axon and multiple dendrites.

More than 99%

These are the most common type of neuron in the central nervous system (brain & spinal cord).

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16
Q

Bipolar

A

Have two processes.

One branching axon and one dendrite.

Very rare
Only found in the special sense organs (ex. Eye)

17
Q

Unipolar

A

Have only one process – an axon.

Mainly found in the peripheral nervous system

18
Q

Which neurons are part of the SENSORY division?

A

Mainly UNIPOLAR
Rarely BIPOLAR

19
Q

Which neurons are part of the MOTOR division?

A

MULTIPOLAR

20
Q

Which neurons are part of the INTERNEURON (Integration) division?

A

INTERNEURONS

21
Q

Astrocytes

A

Largest & most numerous.

Anchor neurons to blood capillaries.

(ASTRO= LOOKS LIKE A STAR)

22
Q

Microglial cells

A

Sense & approach injured neurons.

Built in “white blood cells” in the nervous system.

Phagocytose bacteria & debris.

(MICRO=MICROFIBER RAG= CLEAN UP= DUSTER = LOOKS LIKE A FEATHER DUSTER)

23
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Use cilia to circulate cerebrospinal fluid around the brain & spinal cord.
(Looks like a flipped E)

24
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Form myelin sheath in the CNS (an insulating covering)

Attacked by the immune system in multiple sclerosis
(autoimmune condition) (that’s so stupid wth).

O= SHAPED LIKE AN O

25
Q

Schwann cells

A

Form myelin sheath in the PNS

Have the same function of oligodendrocytes, but these function in the peripheral nervous system (not central as in oligodendrocytes).

26
Q

Satellite cells

A

Surround the cell body of a neuron.

Regulate levels of oxygen, CO2, and nutrients.

Responsible for muscle regeneration.

27
Q

Which neuroglial cells are helpers for the CENTRAL nervous system neurons?

A

Microglial Cells

28
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Nerves from brain or spinal cord.

Spinal nerves: to and from spinal cord
Cranial nerves: to and from brain

29
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Includes BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.

Integration and control center.
Interprets sensory input and dictates motor output.

30
Q

Motor Division

A

Efferent division (E = EXITS BRAIN)

Sends messages from the brain to the muscles and glands using motor neurons.

MOTOR OUTPUT

31
Q

Sensory Division

A

Afferent Division (A= ARRIVES AT BRAIN)

Deliver messages from the senses to the brain using sensory neurons.

SENSORY INPUT

32
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Motor neurons from the brain to the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

INVOLUNTARY

33
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Motor neurons from the brain to the skeletal muscles.

VOLUNTARY

34
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

Flight or Fight response.

Activates the body systems

35
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and Digest.

Calms the body systems down.

36
Q

Which are helpers for the peripheral nervous system neurons?

A

Neuroglial Cells
SCHWANN CELLS
SATILLITE CELLS

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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