Skin Pathogens-Viral Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Variola pox Virus (Smallpox)

Answer

A

Only 1 serotype Thus it can eradicated by vaccines-_{^{Double envelope ds DNA-Replicates in cytoplasm}}
Transmission-Resp droplets or skin lesions
High risk: unvaccinated people
^{_{Virus replicates in upper resp tract>Spread via lymphatics/blood}}
^{_{Disseminate Liver>Spleen>BM}}
Prodrome-“flu like”
_{^{High fever w/abrupt rash (vesicular)}}
_{^{Rash=Macular>Vesicular>Pustular>Crust}}
_{^{1st seen on face & extermities>Trunk}}
_{^{Eruption of rash in various areas=Diff from chicken pox (localized)}}
Diagnosis: Biopsy w/inclusion bodies
Treat: Passive immunization
Prevention: Live-gentically related Vaccina Virus _{^{(cowpox-Anthraz/like lesions)}} given to military only

Question 2

Q

Molluscum Contagiosum (pox virus)-General

Answer

A

_{^{DNA Double enveloped Virus / Brick like}}
_{^{DNAdep-RNA poly (replicate in cytoplasm)}}
_{^{Strictly HUMAN pathogen}}
Transmission: Direct contact or fomites _{^{(sharing towels, swimming pools, showers)}}
High risk: Children & Adults with active sex lives
Causes _Hyperplasia of epithelial cells _
_{^{Cells have inclusion bodies seen=Warts}}
Disease (2-8 weeks): “Cutaneous warts”
_{^{Appear in clusters-Small, firm, white, flesh-colored (pearl like) bumps}}
_{^{Dimple in center}}
_{^{Cheesy white material @ pit}}
_^Painless
_{^{Appear on lower ab (pubis, genitalia) in ADULTS}}
_{^{Appear on trunk or extremties in CHILDREN}}

Question 3

Q

Molluscum Contagiosum (pox virus)-Clinical

Answer

A

Acanthosis=increased thickness of stratum spinosum
Histology: Large-Eosinophilic w/Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in Epithelial cells
Treat: Spontaneous resolution 2-12 months
Remove nodules=Curettage _^(scraping)
Application of liquid nitogen

Question 4

Q

Herpes SImplex (HSV 1/2)-General

Answer

A

Surface glycoproteins made by viral genes
- _{^{Lipid bilayer from the host cell}}
Tegument=initiation of viral replication
Ds Linear DNA/Enveloped
Cytopahtic effect=Change in nuclear structure & margination of chromatin
_{^{Cowdry type A (intranuclear inclusion bodies)}}
_{^{Causes fusion of cells=Syncytia (avoid immunity)}}
Transmission: Contact through secretions of lesions
_{^{Contact w/saliva (Type 1), sexual/transplacental (Type 2)}}
_{^{Life long infection=Asymptomatic shedding}}
3 infection phases:
Initial lytic-Actively multiplies & kills cells
Latent infection-Neurons (sensory ganglion)=Inactive
Reactivation-Exits neurons to infect/Kill epithelial cells

Question 5

Q

Herpes SImplex (HSV 1/2)-Clinical

Answer

A

Reactivation of virus:
_^Fever
_^STRESS
_{^{UV radiation}}
_{^{Spicy foods}}
_{^{Immunosupression}}
_{^{Done through Retrograde transport from ganglia to epithelial cells}}
Primary: _{^{Painful vesicular lesions on epi}}
_{^{In conj w/Fever, myalagia, lymphadenopathy}}
Reactivation:^{_{ Lesions like primary}}
^{_{Sensory nerve pain/tingling PREcede lesions}}
^{_{Less severe than primary}}
Type 2 (genital): _{^{Lesion on glans/Shaft of penis or Vulva/cervix/Perianal of vagina}}
_{^{Urethritis in Both sexes}}
_{^{Cong: encephalitis (fatal), keratoconjunctitis (Head lesions)}}
_{^{Lesions ALL over body}}
_{^{Type 1="cold sore"}}

Question 6

Q

Herpes SImplex (HSV 1/2)-Diagnosis

Answer

A

Microscope:
Tzanch smear-Multinucleated _^(syncytia)cells w/inclusion bodies _{^{(cowdry A)}}
_{^{Sampled w/scraping of ulcer base}}
_{^{Molecular PCR differntiates between HSV 1 & 2}}
Treat: Anti-viral agents relieve symptoms & shorten outbreak BUT do NOT eliminate latency
^{_{Acyclovir (guanine analog) Inhibit viral DNA}}
^{_{Inactive until reaches infected cell=Phosphor by VIRAL thymidine kinase}}

Question 7

Q

Human Papilloma Virus (Warts)-general

Answer

A

Ds CIRCULAR DNA-NON-enveloped
- _{^{Isocahedral replicates in nucleus}}
Several types_{^{(show tissue preference)}}
Humans can be infected w/more than 1 type
_High risk: _
Genital HPV-Unprotected sex
Skin warts common w/children & young adults
^{_{Infects/replicates in sqaumos epi cells}}_{^{(skin & mucous membranes)}}
_{^{Induces cell prolif=benign outgrowth "warts"}}
_{^{Hyperplasia of prickle cells & excess production of keratin}}
16 & 18 are oncogenic (cervix, penis, anus)
- _{^{Protein E-6 inactivates P53}}
- _{^{Protein E-7 inactivates p105RB (retinoblastoma)}}

Question 8

Q

Human Papilloma Virus (Warts)-Clinical

Answer

A

3-4 months or 1-2 years
Cutaneous warts: type 1-4
- _{^{Assoc w/cutaneous warts}}
Genital warts: type 6 & 11
“Condylomata Acuminata”
Women=_{^{W/in vagina, on cervix, & perianal area}}
Men=_{^{Tip of penis, on scrotum, & perianal area}}
_{^{Carcinoma of cervix, penis, & anus Type 16-18}}
Microscopy:
Pap smear _{^{(scraping from cervix)}}-
_{^{Koliocytes w/vacuolated cytoplasm (hyperplasia of prickle cells)}}
- _{^{Found in round clumps}}
Treat:
_{^{Self limiting & may require removal}}
_{^{Chem removal=Podophyllotoxin}}
Prevention: Vaccine
Guardasil (children)
- _{^{Caspid proteins from HPV 6,11 & 16,18}}

Question 9

Q

RNA virus Coxsackie (Non-eveloped Picornaviri)

Answer

A

(+)ssRNA w/2 types A & B
Reservoir: Humans
Transmission: P to P, fecal-oral, Airborne
- ^{Ex. Diaper changing stations}
High risk: infants & young children in Summer/Fall seasons
Treatment: COXA self-limiting (4-7days)
No vaccines
Prevention: Proper hygiene, boiling utensils
Herpangina: Vesicular pharyngitis
Sudden fever, headache, Sore throat, Dysphagia
Ulceration/Rash in pharynx, tonsils, mouth
Hand-foot-mouth: mild fever, vesicular lesion-hand, foot, mouth, tongue
Caused by type COXA16

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