Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho Exam 4- LAST ONE > Skin, Muscle, Bone > Flashcards

Skin, Muscle, Bone Flashcards

1
Q

List some of the consequences of rhabdomyolysis

A
  • Excessive myoglobin excretion damages renal tubule
  • leads to acute tubular necrosis
  • Can lead to renal failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Forms when blood vessels rupture ->bone cells deprived of nutrition and die

A

Hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Second degree

Epidermis and minimal dermis

A

Superficial partial thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Type of disorder that has problems with storage of glucose in the form of glycogen or the release and utilization of glycogen into glucose, it affects energy metabolism

A

Glycogen storage disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

First degree

Epidermis only

A

Superficial Burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • This forms to splint a break
    • new capillaries form and macrophages remove dead tissue
    • connective tissue cells form this callus
A

Fibroartilage callus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

second degree

epidermis and some dermis

A

Partial thickness burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List some of the consequences of burns to the body

A
  • Fluid and electrolyte disturbances
    • may cause shock
  • Infection
  • Increased metabolic rate
    • requires aggressive nutritional support
  • Liver and kidney failure
  • respiratory system alterations
    • exposures to toxins hypoxia, edema, and emboli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Second degree

epidermis and most of dermis

A

Deep dermal partial thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Poorly characterized chronic disorder associated with
    • generalized pain
    • stiffness
    • dysfunctional sleep
    • fatigability
  • Chronic pain in muscles and surrounding structures
A

Fibromyalgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Rare infection of subcutaneous tissue and fascia that causes necrosis
  • spreads quickly and requires debridement, fasciotomy, or amputation
  • mortality near 70%
  • S.pyogenes
A

Necrotizing Fasciitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 functions of the skin

A
  • Protection
  • Temperature regulation
  • Synthesis of Vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Cutaneous skin infection that is warm, tender, erythematous, rapidly spreading
  • Can become necrotic if left untreated
  • S. aureus
A

Cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Defect in glycogen debranching enzyme (can’t break down glycogen into glucose)
    • progressive skeletal weakness and atrophy and/or cardiomyopathy
A

Cori Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A rare complcation of long bone/pelvic fractures

Can lead to ARDS, DIC, and cerebral edema

A

Fat Embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Acute muscle destruction often associataed with myoglobinuria
  • Commonly caused by extensive trauma with crush injuries
  • Creatine kinase levels often elevated
A

Rhabdomyolysis

17
Q
  • Chronic, genetic disease of epidermal proliferation
  • Has autoimmune and environmental component
A

Psoriasis

18
Q
  • Autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting sodium channels in muscle cells
  • Affects ability to regulate potassium level in the blood
  • Mutations result in failure to inactivate channels, which prevents potassium efflux and repolarization
  • Muscle fiber cannot relax-> new signals have no effect, resulting in paralysis
  • Glucose will reshift the Na which will re-establish the K
A

Primary Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

19
Q

Occurs for months in response to mechanical stresses forming a strong, permanent patch

A

Bone Remodeling

20
Q
  • Group of genetically caused myopathies with progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers
  • _____ most common and most severe type
  • ____linked trait
A

Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

X-linked trait, so it affects only males

21
Q
  • An autoimmune disease that causes neuromuscular deficits, including weakness and fatigue
  • Antibodies prevent acetylcholine from interacting with nicotinic receptros, initiate inflammatory processes that alter the motor end plate, and compromise nicotinic receptor availability
  • Typically affects eyes movement (often seen first) and problems with vision
  • Give imunosuppressants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
A

Myasthenia Gravis

22
Q
  • Defect in the glucose-6-phosphatase (missing the enzyme that strips the phosphte off the glucose-6-phosphatase to allow the molecule to exit the liver and be made available for fuel)
    • causes growth failure and lactic acidosis
A

Von Gierke’s Disease

23
Q
  • A chronic bone inflammation causing softening and bowing of long bones
  • Increase in osteoclastic bone resorption with compensatory (disorganized/poorly formed) increase in bone formation
  • often see an increase in alkaline phosphatase
A

Paget’s Disease

24
Q
  • Systematic inflammatory disease
  • immune related
  • granulomas (nodules) around small blood vessels
A

Rheumatoid arthritis

reheumatoid factor (antibody) reacts with a fragment of IgG to produce immune complexes

25
Q

Is considered a complication of fractures, usually limbs

pressure compresses the blood supply and can lead to necrosis

Fascia and skin encapsulate compartments of leg and forarm

need to meausre the area to see if pressure is increasing

A

Compartment Syndrome

26
Q

List some of the other causes of myoglobinuria

A
  • Viral infections
  • Heat stroke
  • Electrolyte disturbance
  • McArdle’s diseas
  • Malignant hyperthermia
27
Q

Made of spongy bone forms, replacing fibrocartilage as more osteoclasts and osteoblasts move to the area

A

Bony callus

28
Q

_____ can interfere with skin’s roles of protection, temperature regulation, and metabolic/nutritional functions

A

Burns

29
Q
  • Condition associated with erythematous plaques
  • heritable condition
  • associated with family history of asthma/hay fever
A

Atopic Dermatitis

30
Q
  • Weight-bearing process
    • underlying cause not inflammatory
  • Due to mechanical stress
  • Localized condition that primarily affects weight-bearing joints
  • Do not have granulomas
A

Osteoarthritis

31
Q

Third degree

Epidermis, dermis and possibly involvement of connective tissue, muscle and bone

A

Full thickness burn

32
Q
  • Defect in the muscle glycogen phosphorylase
    • muscle energy disorder characterized by muscle pain, exercise intolerance, myoglobinuria, susceptibility to fatigue
A

McArdle’s Disease

Patho Exam 4- LAST ONE (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions