Skin, Muscle, Bone Flashcards
List some of the consequences of rhabdomyolysis
- Excessive myoglobin excretion damages renal tubule
- leads to acute tubular necrosis
- Can lead to renal failure
Forms when blood vessels rupture ->bone cells deprived of nutrition and die
Hematoma
Second degree
Epidermis and minimal dermis
Superficial partial thickness
Type of disorder that has problems with storage of glucose in the form of glycogen or the release and utilization of glycogen into glucose, it affects energy metabolism
Glycogen storage disorders
First degree
Epidermis only
Superficial Burn
- This forms to splint a break
- new capillaries form and macrophages remove dead tissue
- connective tissue cells form this callus
Fibroartilage callus
second degree
epidermis and some dermis
Partial thickness burn
List some of the consequences of burns to the body
- Fluid and electrolyte disturbances
- may cause shock
- Infection
- Increased metabolic rate
- requires aggressive nutritional support
- Liver and kidney failure
- respiratory system alterations
- exposures to toxins hypoxia, edema, and emboli
Second degree
epidermis and most of dermis
Deep dermal partial thickness
- Poorly characterized chronic disorder associated with
- generalized pain
- stiffness
- dysfunctional sleep
- fatigability
- Chronic pain in muscles and surrounding structures
Fibromyalgia
- Rare infection of subcutaneous tissue and fascia that causes necrosis
- spreads quickly and requires debridement, fasciotomy, or amputation
- mortality near 70%
- S.pyogenes
Necrotizing Fasciitis
3 functions of the skin
- Protection
- Temperature regulation
- Synthesis of Vitamin D
- Cutaneous skin infection that is warm, tender, erythematous, rapidly spreading
- Can become necrotic if left untreated
- S. aureus
Cellulitis
- Defect in glycogen debranching enzyme (can’t break down glycogen into glucose)
- progressive skeletal weakness and atrophy and/or cardiomyopathy
Cori Disease
A rare complcation of long bone/pelvic fractures
Can lead to ARDS, DIC, and cerebral edema
Fat Embolism
- Acute muscle destruction often associataed with myoglobinuria
- Commonly caused by extensive trauma with crush injuries
- Creatine kinase levels often elevated
Rhabdomyolysis
- Chronic, genetic disease of epidermal proliferation
- Has autoimmune and environmental component
Psoriasis
- Autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting sodium channels in muscle cells
- Affects ability to regulate potassium level in the blood
- Mutations result in failure to inactivate channels, which prevents potassium efflux and repolarization
- Muscle fiber cannot relax-> new signals have no effect, resulting in paralysis
- Glucose will reshift the Na which will re-establish the K
Primary Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
Occurs for months in response to mechanical stresses forming a strong, permanent patch
Bone Remodeling
- Group of genetically caused myopathies with progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers
- _____ most common and most severe type
- ____linked trait
Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
X-linked trait, so it affects only males
- An autoimmune disease that causes neuromuscular deficits, including weakness and fatigue
- Antibodies prevent acetylcholine from interacting with nicotinic receptros, initiate inflammatory processes that alter the motor end plate, and compromise nicotinic receptor availability
- Typically affects eyes movement (often seen first) and problems with vision
- Give imunosuppressants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Myasthenia Gravis
- Defect in the glucose-6-phosphatase (missing the enzyme that strips the phosphte off the glucose-6-phosphatase to allow the molecule to exit the liver and be made available for fuel)
- causes growth failure and lactic acidosis
Von Gierke’s Disease
- A chronic bone inflammation causing softening and bowing of long bones
- Increase in osteoclastic bone resorption with compensatory (disorganized/poorly formed) increase in bone formation
- often see an increase in alkaline phosphatase
Paget’s Disease
- Systematic inflammatory disease
- immune related
- granulomas (nodules) around small blood vessels
Rheumatoid arthritis
reheumatoid factor (antibody) reacts with a fragment of IgG to produce immune complexes
