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Patho Exam 4- LAST ONE > Blood Pathology > Flashcards

Blood Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

transplant rejection requires _____

A

lifelong anti rejection drugs

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2
Q

includes any kind of lymphoma except Hodgkins

either B cell or T cell neoplasms that may originate from any lymphoid tissue but most commonly in lymph nodes

A

non-hodgkins lymphoma

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3
Q

s/s of flu like symptoms, fever sore throat, fatigue. can have enlarged spleen

A

mono

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4
Q

intrinsic pathway

A

exposure to collagen

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5
Q

most common form of leukemia in children

A

acute

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6
Q

compromise to hematopoiesis, bone marrow suppression, enhanced RBC destruction, chronic disease

A

Nromocytic nromochromic

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7
Q

goal of this disease is treatment to suppress viral load and increase CD4+ count

A

AIDs

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8
Q

decreased total RBC mass
leads to decreased oxygen carrying capacity
s/s include headache fatigue, dyspnea, poor exercise tolerance, allow, syncope, tachycardia, evaluated by assessing H/h

A

anemia

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9
Q

anemias classified based on morphology
_____ -> volume (size) of RBC, micro, norm, macro
_____ -> hemoglobin amount, hypo, normo , hyper

A

cystic

chromic

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10
Q

complication of diseases that accelerates clotting, caused by disorders that produce necrosis, infection, neoplastic disease and other conditions that include cardiac arrest, cirrhosis, shock

excessive bleeding and excessive clotting, high fatality

A

DIC

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11
Q

hallmark sign is formation of granulomas

A

chronic inflammation

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12
Q

body can’t differentiate between self and non self antigens

A

autoimmune

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13
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding time
can range from mild and asymptomatic to severe
autosomal dominant trait but acquired from identified in pts with cancer
results from deficiency of Von Willebrands factor, which stabilizes clotting factor VII that is needed for proper platelet function

A

Von Willebrand disease

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14
Q

bedrock of healing process, largely made up of connective tissue, proliferative phase

A

granulation tissue

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15
Q

most common type of leukemia in children, but can affect adults over 65
include precursor B or T lymphoblasts
typical characterized by structural and numerical changes in the chromosomes within the leukemic cells (translocations, d deletions, hyperploidy, polyploidy) that alter the ability to regulate normal hematopoiesis

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

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16
Q

Genetic anemias

A

Sickle cell: genetic disorder where genetic change in beta-globing that causes sickling
thalassemia- genetic disorders causing defect in global chains that comprise hemoglobin

17
Q

mainly adutlts, maybe small number of children
characterized by excessive proliferation of marrow granulocytes, erythroid precursors, and megakaryocytes
associated with the Philadelphia chromosome
begins in chronic phase progressing to accelerated phase ultimately entering a blast crisis phase which is terminal
treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs improving survival rates to greater than 95%

A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

18
Q

wound edges with close approximations, edges sealed by cblood clot or sutures

A

first intention

19
Q

involved pluripotent myeloid stem cells in bone marrow, interferes with maturation of all blood cells including granulocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes

A

myelogenous leukemia

  • acute myelogenous leukemia
  • chronic myelogenous leukemia
20
Q

specialized form of lymphoma
characterized by the orderly spread of disease from one lymph node group to another and by development of systemic symptoms with advanced dieases
Reed-Sternberg cells
2 peaks of incidence- 1st in young adulthood and 2nd - 55+
more treatable

A

hodgkins lymphoma

21
Q

competes with vitamin K (vitamin k is antidote)

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

22
Q

some compromises to wound healing

A

malnutrition, infection, some drugs (steroids, NSAIDS) diabetes, hypoxemia

23
Q

immature lymphocytes and their progenitors that originate in the bone marrow but infiltrate the spleen, lymph nodes, CNS, and other tissues

A

lymphocytic leukemia

  • acute lymphoblastic
  • chronic lymphocytic
24
Q

build up of relatively mature but abnormal white blood cells and generally takes months or years to progress

A

chronic leukemia

25
Q

characterized by a rapid increase in the number of immature blood cells

A

acute leukemia

26
Q

too many blood cells, primary typically occurs ages 40-60 with unknown cause
secondary due to hypoxia, tumor, or disease *increased production of erythropoietin)

A

polycythemia

27
Q

decreased platelets
congenital or acquired(more common)
increased risk of bleeding
will see petechiae

A

Thrombocytopenia

28
Q

low dose inhibits aggregation of platelets (cyclooxyrgenase)

A

aspirin

29
Q

B cell cancer of plasma cells that normally produce antibodies
proliferation of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow occurs with lesions in skeletal system
release pence jones proteins
s/s include anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia from bone marrow infiltration, bone pain, infection, renal failure, and neurological symptoms

A

multiple myeloma

30
Q

altered DNA synthesis

  • megaloblastic
  • vit B12 deficiency
A

microcytic: normochromic

31
Q

low platelets secondary to immune system destroying own platelets
acute ITP typically affects children ages 2-4and chronic ITP affects adults ages 50+
target population is women ages 20-40
caused by drug reactions, immunization with live vaccines and viral infection
excellent prognosis even without treatment

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)

32
Q

interacts with AT III to bind coagulation factors including throbbing and prevent hemostasis (antidote is protamine sulfate)

A

Heparin

33
Q

clonal malignancy of B lymphocytes
most often affects adults over age of 55 and men
most common leukemia in adults
2 forms (one long term survival and eventual death from other causes and one has rapidly fatal disease despite aggressive therapy)
people with low CD marker do better while those with high markers tend to do worse

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

34
Q

most common in adults than children, more commonly in men than women
affects myeloid precursors in the bone marrow
most often associated with acquired genetic changes that inhibit myeloid cell differentiation
therefor undifferentiated blasts cells replace normal cells with bone marrow causing anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

A

acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

35
Q

type 1 (mild) can become more severe with repeated exposure

A

hypersensitivity

36
Q

parallels 1st intention healing except that it occurs in wounds in which larger sections of tissue have been lost or in wounds complicated by infection

A

2nd intention wound healing

37
Q

low number of neutrophils, more at risk for infection, can occur 2/2 cancer (chemo

A

neutropenia

38
Q

reduced hemoglobin synthesis

  • iron deficiency
  • thalassemia
A

microcytic: hypochromic

39
Q

extrinsic pathway

A

exposure to tissue factors

Patho Exam 4- LAST ONE (3 decks)

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