Cancer of the cells at the base of the epidermis (stratum germinativum) - Least dangerous skin cancer (it has the least chance of spreading) - Most common skin cancer

Skin/Membrane Flashcards by Brett Kitterman

Epidermis

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue

Function:
1) protection 2) waterproofing

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Dermis

Tissue:
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Fibers:
1) Collagen Fibers 2) Elastic Fibers
Functions:
1) Strength 2) Elasticity

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Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

NOT PART OF THE SKIN
Main tissue:
Adipose tissue (a type of connective tissue)

Function:
1) Energy Storage 2) Insulation, 3) protection (shock absorption)

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Dermal Papilla

Function:
1) Helps bind epidermis to dermis

2) Makes Fingerprints to improve our grip

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Hair

1) Protection 2) Warmth

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Hair Follicle

Tube for hair to grow in

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Papilla of Hair

1) hair growth by cell reproduction (mitosis occurs here)

2) provides blood vessels to nourish hair

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Arrector Pili Muscle

Muscle that attaches a hair follicle to a dermal papilla

Function:
makes goose bumps

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Sebaceous Gland

Location: next to hair follicle

Secretion: Sebum (an oily substance) which is secreted into the hair follicle

Function:Moisturizes hair and skin

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Eccrine Sweat Gland

Location: almost everywhere

Secretion: Inorganic Sweat (mostly water and salts)

Function:
1) cools the body
2) eliminates wastes

Unpleasant Result: Excessive wetness

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Apocrine Sweat Gland

Location: armpit and groin

Secretion:Organic Sweat (water, salts, protein, lipids)

Function:
1) cools the body
2) eliminates wastes
3) releases pheromones (chemical messengers that affect other people)

Unpleasant Result: Body odor (due to bacteria that ‘eat up’ the organic compounds)

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Tactile Corpuscle

senses light touch

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Lamellar Corpuscle

senses deep touch (senses pressure)

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Cutaneous Nerve

sends sensory information to the brain

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2 types of sweat glands

Eccrine sweat gland

apocrine sweat gland

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Basal Cell Carcinoma

Cancer of the cells at the base of the epidermis (stratum germinativum)

Least dangerous skin cancer (it has the least chance of spreading)
Most common skin cancer

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancer of the cells in the middle of the epidermis

More dangerous than basal cell carcinoma
Less common than basal cell carcinoma

Malignant Melanoma

Cancer of the melanocyte

Most dangerous skin cancer (it has the most chance of spreading)
Least common skin cancer

Integumentary system functions (5)

Protection
temperature regulation
sensation
excretion of wastes
production of vitamin D

Temperature Regulation

If hot: a) increase sweat - it cools the body when it evaporates
b) increase blood to skin (erythema) - to get rid of body heat

If cold: a) decrease blood to skin (pallor) - to conserve body heat

Skin cancers
- general notes
- 3 types

cancer caused by increased rate of cell reproduction
carcinoma is a cancer of epithelial tissue
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma

Excretion of wastes
(Integumentary system function)

by sweat (we will talk more about waste excretion in the urinary system)

Production of Vitamin D
(Integumentary system function)

stimulated by sunlight

1st Degree Burns

Burns the epidermis only

causes erythema
Example: Sunburn

2nd Degree Burns

Burns the epidermis and part of the dermis causes blisters

3rd Degree Burns

Burns entirely through the epidermis and the dermis (i.e. full-thickness burn) - causes loss of sensation (there is no pain at the skin area of the 3rd degree burn) Life threatening because of loss of skin's protective functions (infection, fluid loss, poor temp regulation)

Loss of protection consequences of 3rd degree burn

1) infection 2) increased fluid loss 3) poor temperature regulation

Rule of 9's

way to estimate the percentage of surface area burned Purposes: 1) Guides treatment decisions such as fluid resuscitation 2) Guides decisions on transfer to higher or lower care facility 3) Guides decisions on immediate care by 1st responders

Estimated chance of death (rule of 9’s)

(Age) + (Percentage of Surface Area Burned)

Body Membrane (definition and 2 types)

a thin, sheet-like structure that covers and protects body surfaces 2 Types: 1) Epithelial Membrane - Ex: Skin and MANY other examples 2) Connective Tissue Membrane - Ex: Synovial membrane in joints

Epithelial Membrane (definition and 3 types)

a body membrane made of an epithelial tissue layer (for protection) on a deeper connective tissue layer (for strength) Three Types of Epithelial Membranes: 1) Cutaneous Membrane 2) Mucous Membrane 3) Serous Membrane

Integumentary System Parts

1) Skin (the Cutaneous Membrane) 2) Accessory Structures a) hair b) nails c) glands

Skin Layers

Epidermis = Epithelial tissue Dermis = connective tissue

Normal skin color

A) Normal Skin Color: Mixture of 4 colors (brown, yellow, red and white) 1) Melanin in epidermis = Brown 2) Blood in dermis = Red 3) Collagen in dermis = White 4) Carotene in epidermis = Yellow

Abnormal skin coloring

1. Albinism & vitiligo: no melanin, skin combo of white/red/yellow 2. Erythema: increase of blood in dermis, skin more red than normal 3. Pallor (pale): decrease of blood in dermis, skin more white than normal 4. Cyanosis: decrease of oxygen in blood, skin more blue

Cutaneous membrane (type of epithelial membrane)

Covers the outside of the body (skin, only example) function: protection

Mucous membrane

Inner lining of all body tubes and cavities open to the outside world (inside lining of mouth, stomach, throat, urinary bladder, etc) Function: protection

Serous membrane

Lines the entire ventral cavity (Outside lining of heart, lungs, stomach, urinary bladder, etc) Function: lubrication