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Bio 100 > Skin/Membrane > Flashcards

Skin/Membrane Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Epidermis

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue

Function:
1) protection 2) waterproofing

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2
Q

Dermis

A

Tissue:
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Fibers:
1) Collagen Fibers 2) Elastic Fibers
Functions:
1) Strength 2) Elasticity

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3
Q

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

A

NOT PART OF THE SKIN
Main tissue:
Adipose tissue (a type of connective tissue)

Function:
1) Energy Storage 2) Insulation, 3) protection (shock absorption)

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4
Q

Dermal Papilla

A

Function:
1) Helps bind epidermis to dermis

2) Makes Fingerprints to improve our grip

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5
Q

Hair

A

1) Protection 2) Warmth

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6
Q

Hair Follicle

A

Tube for hair to grow in

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7
Q

Papilla of Hair

A

1) hair growth by cell reproduction (mitosis occurs here)

2) provides blood vessels to nourish hair

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8
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A

Muscle that attaches a hair follicle to a dermal papilla

Function:
makes goose bumps

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9
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Location: next to hair follicle

Secretion: Sebum (an oily substance) which is secreted into the hair follicle

Function:Moisturizes hair and skin

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10
Q

Eccrine Sweat Gland

A

Location: almost everywhere

Secretion: Inorganic Sweat (mostly water and salts)

Function:
1) cools the body
2) eliminates wastes

Unpleasant Result: Excessive wetness

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11
Q

Apocrine Sweat Gland

A

Location: armpit and groin

Secretion:Organic Sweat (water, salts, protein, lipids)

Function:
1) cools the body
2) eliminates wastes
3) releases pheromones (chemical messengers that affect other people)

Unpleasant Result: Body odor (due to bacteria that ‘eat up’ the organic compounds)

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12
Q

Tactile Corpuscle

A

senses light touch

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13
Q

Lamellar Corpuscle

A

senses deep touch (senses pressure)

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14
Q

Cutaneous Nerve

A

sends sensory information to the brain

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15
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine sweat gland

apocrine sweat gland

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16
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Cancer of the cells at the base of the epidermis (stratum germinativum)

  • Least dangerous skin cancer (it has the least chance of spreading)
  • Most common skin cancer
17
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Cancer of the cells in the middle of the epidermis

  • More dangerous than basal cell carcinoma
  • Less common than basal cell carcinoma
18
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

Cancer of the melanocyte

  • Most dangerous skin cancer (it has the most chance of spreading)
  • Least common skin cancer
19
Q

Integumentary system functions (5)

A

Protection
temperature regulation
sensation
excretion of wastes
production of vitamin D

20
Q

Temperature Regulation

A

If hot: a) increase sweat - it cools the body when it evaporates
b) increase blood to skin (erythema) - to get rid of body heat

If cold: a) decrease blood to skin (pallor) - to conserve body heat

21
Q

Skin cancers
- general notes
- 3 types

A
  • cancer caused by increased rate of cell reproduction
  • carcinoma is a cancer of epithelial tissue
  • basal cell carcinoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • malignant melanoma
22
Q

Excretion of wastes
(Integumentary system function)

A

by sweat (we will talk more about waste excretion in the urinary system)

23
Q

Production of Vitamin D
(Integumentary system function)

A

stimulated by sunlight

24
Q

1st Degree Burns

A

Burns the epidermis only

  • causes erythema
    Example: Sunburn
25
Q

2nd Degree Burns

A

Burns the epidermis and part of the dermis

causes blisters

26
Q

3rd Degree Burns

A

Burns entirely through the epidermis and the dermis (i.e. full-thickness burn)

  • causes loss of sensation (there is no pain at the skin area of the 3rd degree burn)
    Life threatening because of loss of skin’s protective functions (infection, fluid loss, poor temp regulation)
27
Q

Loss of protection consequences of 3rd degree burn

A

1) infection
2) increased fluid loss
3) poor temperature regulation

28
Q

Rule of 9’s

A

way to estimate the percentage of surface area burned

Purposes: 1) Guides treatment decisions such as fluid resuscitation
2) Guides decisions on transfer to higher or lower care facility
3) Guides decisions on immediate care by 1st responders

29
Q

Estimated chance of death (rule of 9’s)

A

(Age) + (Percentage of Surface Area Burned)

30
Q

Body Membrane (definition and 2 types)

A

a thin, sheet-like structure that covers and protects body surfaces

2 Types:
1) Epithelial Membrane - Ex: Skin and MANY other examples
2) Connective Tissue Membrane - Ex: Synovial membrane in joints

31
Q

Epithelial Membrane (definition and 3 types)

A

a body membrane made of an epithelial tissue layer (for protection) on a deeper connective tissue layer (for strength)

Three Types of Epithelial Membranes:
1) Cutaneous Membrane
2) Mucous Membrane
3) Serous Membrane

32
Q

Integumentary System Parts

A

1) Skin (the Cutaneous Membrane)
2) Accessory Structures
a) hair
b) nails
c) glands

33
Q

Skin Layers

A

Epidermis = Epithelial tissue
Dermis = connective tissue

34
Q

Normal skin color

A

A) Normal Skin Color: Mixture of 4 colors (brown, yellow, red and white)

1) Melanin in epidermis = Brown
2) Blood in dermis = Red
3) Collagen in dermis = White
4) Carotene in epidermis = Yellow

35
Q

Abnormal skin coloring

A
  1. Albinism & vitiligo: no melanin, skin combo of white/red/yellow
  2. Erythema: increase of blood in dermis, skin more red than normal
  3. Pallor (pale): decrease of blood in dermis, skin more white than normal
  4. Cyanosis: decrease of oxygen in blood, skin more blue
36
Q

Cutaneous membrane (type of epithelial membrane)

A

Covers the outside of the body (skin, only example)

function: protection

37
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Inner lining of all body tubes and cavities open to the outside world (inside lining of mouth, stomach, throat, urinary bladder, etc)

Function: protection

38
Q

Serous membrane

A

Lines the entire ventral cavity
(Outside lining of heart, lungs, stomach, urinary bladder, etc)

Function: lubrication

Bio 100 (3 decks)

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