Skeletal System

Question 1

General functions of the skeletal system (5)

Answer 1

Structural support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Hematopoiesis

Ex: Skull protects the brain, Ribs protect the heart and lungs. Bones store calcium (Ca2+).

Question 2

Types of bones (5)

Answer 2

Long bone (femur)
Short bone (carpal bones)
Flat bone (skull bones)
Irregular bone (vertebrae)
Sesamoid bone (bone within a tendon; patella)

Question 3

Yellow marrow (long bone)

Answer 3

Fat within medullary cavity

Function: makes bones lighter in weight

Question 4

Flat Bone Anatomy

Answer 4

Spongy bone sandwiched between two compact bone layers

In flat bones, the spongy bone is called the diploe.

Question 5

Red marrow

Answer 5

The substance within the spaces of spongy bone

Function: hematopoiesis (making blood cells)

Question 6

Articular cartilage

Answer 6

Thin cartilage layer on the epiphysis

Functions:
1. Absorbs shock
2. Decreases friction in joint

Question 7

Periosteum

Answer 7

Strong outer fibrous membrane on all bones

1. Repairs bone
2. Attaches to tendons and ligaments
3. Senses pain

Question 8

Endosteum

Answer 8

Thin fibrous membrane lining the medullary cavity

Function: repairs bone (cell production occurs here)

Question 9

Types of bone tissue

Answer 9

• compact bone
• spongy bone

Question 10

Types of bone cells

Answer 10

1. Osteoblast (builds bone)
2. Osteocyte (maintains bone)
3. Osteoclast (dissolves bone)