Skin Injuries

Question 1

________ - are tissue damage from intense heat, electricity, radiation or certain chemicals (all of which denature cell proteins and cause cell death).

Answer 1

Burns

Question 2

What are the classification of Burns according to its severity ( Depth )?

Answer 2

1st degree

2nd degree

3rd degree

Question 3

Classification of burns wherein epidermis and upper region of the dermis is damaged. It has the same symptoms as a 1st degree burn, with blisters.

Answer 3

2nd degree

Question 4

Known as full thickness burn. It appears as gray-white, cherry red or black. It is not painful because the nerve endings are gone. Skin grafting is usually necessary.

Answer 4

3rd degree

Question 5

Burn wherein only the epidermis is damaged. There is localized redness, swelling and pain. An example is a sunburn.

Answer 5

1st degree

Question 6

It is considered a critical situation if a person has the following. Except:

1. 2nd degree burns over 25% of the body.
2. 2nd degree burns of Genital area.
3. 3rd degree burns over 10% of the body.
4. 3rd degree burns of the face, hands or feet.

Answer 6

Except: 2

Question 7

What is the most critical and immediate threat to someone with serious burns?

Answer 7

loss of fluid and electrolytes

Question 8

What is the second most critical threat to someone with serious burns?

Answer 8

infection

Question 9

The Rule of Nines
In an adult, the following are the total body surface area. Give their respective percentages.

1. head and neck total for front and back:
2. each upper limb total for front and back:
3. thorax and abdomen front:
4. thorax and abdomen back:
5. perineum:
6. each lower limb total for front and back:

Answer 9

1. 9%
2. 9%
3. 18%
4. 18%
5. 1%
6. 18%

Question 10

True or False:

The Rule of Nines is relatively accurate for adults but not for children, due to the relative disproportion of body part surface area.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Localized areas of dead skin that can extend to the subcutaneous tissues, through the epidermis and dermis. Stage I is mild, stage IV is extensive and potentially life-threatening.

Answer 11

Decubitus Ulcers

Question 12

Decubitus Ulcers is also known as:

Answer 12

Bed sores, pressure sores or trophic ulcers

Question 13

What are the causes of Decubitus Ulcers?

Answer 13

Usually tissue overlying a bony prominence that has been subjected to prolonged pressure, against an external object, such as a bed, wheelchair, cast or splint.

Question 14

The following are predisposing factors and complications of Decubitus Ulcers. Except:

1. loss of pain and pressure sensations
2. Maximum fat and muscle padding between bony weight bearing prominences and skin
3. disuse atrophy, malnutrition, anemia and infection
4. paralysis - lower tone in vascular bed and a decrease in circulatory rate

Answer 14

Except: 2

Question 15

What are the treatments of Decubitus Ulcers?

Answer 15

Treatment

• Stage I and II are treated by regular repositioning [every 2 hours].
• Stage III and IV require a wound care specialist with treatment ranging from irrigation to debridement and skin grafts.
• Antibiotics.
• Keep area clean and dry.

Question 16

__________ - are pink, reddish or purplish indented streaks that often appear on the abdomen, breasts, upper arms, buttocks and thighs. Particularly common in pregnant women, especially during the latter half of pregnancy.

Answer 16

Stretch marks

Question 17

Stretch Marks is also known as:?

Answer 17

Stria or Striae

Question 18

What are the causes of stretch marks?

Answer 18

Obesity

pregnancy

corticosteroids or Cushing disease

Marfan syndrome

Question 19

Stretch marks aren’t serious and fade over time. In some cases, however, widespread stretch marks are a sign of a medical condition such as:?

Answer 19

Cushing’s syndrome or another adrenal gland
disease.

Question 20

True or False:

Treatments can fade and completely remove the appearance of stretch marks.

Answer 20

False

Treatments can fade the appearance of stretch marks but won’t completely remove them.

Question 21

A thickening of the skin. Usually a protective mechanism due to friction or pressure.

Answer 21

Corns and Calluses

Question 22

A thickening of the skin that is usually on the tops or sides of a toe.

Answer 22

Corns

Question 23

A thickening of the skin often on the palms or soles.

Answer 23

Calluses

Question 24

What are the treatment for corns and calluses?

Answer 24

Reduce friction, pumice or chemical peels.

Question 25

A mark left on damaged skin after it is healed. Made of collagen fibers. Fills a gap in tissue but is non-functional and contains no follicles or glands.

Answer 25

Scarring

Question 26

What are abnormal types of scars?

Answer 26

Keloid and hypertrophic scars

Question 27

Scar that are more common and do not grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound.

Answer 27

Hypertrophic

Question 28

Scar that extend beyond the wound site.

Answer 28

Keloid

Question 29

What are the manifestations of scars?

Answer 29

can be flat or elevated, may be pale or red, painful or itchy.

Question 30

What are the risk of Scars?

Answer 30

Risks: skin cancer, chronic pain, disfiguring, adhesions.

Question 31

What are the treatment of Scars?

Answer 31

1. Dermatological procedures to reduce appearance.
2. Myofascial treatments to regain mobility in area.