Skin Infections and Infestations Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
What are the common viruses that infect the skin?
A
Human papilloma
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Molluscum contagiosum
2
Q
What are the common bacterium that infect the skin?
A
Staph aureus
Streptococcus
Corynebacterium miniutissimum
3
Q
What are the common yeast/fungi that infect the skin?
A
Candida albicans
Pityosporum
True fungi
4
Q
What is the ectoparasite that affects the skin?
A
Scabies
5
Q
Incubation of warts
A
Approx. 4 months
6
Q
How do you get warts?
A
Direct inoculation
7
Q
Peak age incidence of warts (not genital)
A
12 - 16 years
8
Q
Types of warts
A
Plantar Genital Plane Filiform Mosaic
9
Q
What % of warts regress within 2 years?
A
65%
10
Q
Treatment of warts
A
None
Chemical paints
Cryotherapy
Imiquimod (genital)
11
Q
What is cryotherapy?
A
Liquid nitrogen
12
Q
What does HSV cause?
A
Labial warts
Genital warts
Whitlow
Cornea
13
Q
Treatment of HSV
A
Aciclovir
14
Q
What does HZV cause?
A
Shingles
15
Q
Treatment of HZV
A
Oral Aciclovir
16
Q
Peak age incidence of molluscum contagiousum
A
10 years old
17
Q
Incubation of molluscum contagiousum
A
2 weeks - 6 months
18
Q
How long would it take for molluscum contagiousum to regress?
A
6 - 9 months
19
Q
Treatment of molluscum contagiosum?
A
None
Cryotherapy
Expression + antiseptic
20
Q
What can staph aureus cause?
A
Boils, carbuncles, styes Folliculitis Impetigo Ecthyma Eczema flare ups SSSS TSS
21
Q
What can streptococci cause?
A
Impetigo Ecthyma Erysipelas Cellulitis Eczema flare ups Necrotising fasciitis Guttate psoriasis
22
Q
What can candida cause?
A
Thrust - oral - vaginal Balanitis Angular stomatitis Intertrigo Nappy rash Chronic paronychia
23
Q
What can true fungi cause?
A
Tinea pedis Tinea cruris Tinea corporis Tinea faceii/barbae Onchhomyocosis
24
Q
Can you get rid of HSV once you have got it?
A
No
25
Where does HSV sit?
Dorsal route ganglia
26
What happens to episodes of HSV as time goes on?
Less frequent and less severe
27
As episodes of HSV become more frequent, what may appear before the spots?
Sensory symptoms
28
On fragile skin e.g. genitals, what can HSV come up as instead of pustules?
Erosions
29
What do you get when you acquire VZV for the first time?
Chickenpox
30
What results if a VZV is reactivated later on?
Shingles
31
Pathology of shingles
Virus comes down the peripheral nerves
32
Pain in HSV vs HZV
HZV much more pain
33
When does the pain in HZV occur compared to the rash?
Pain happens a few days before the rash
34
How do the vesicles appear in HZV?
Dermatomal distribution
35
When are your vesicles no longer infective in HZV?
When they crust over and the liquid dries up
36
What can HZV cross?
Placenta
37
If HZV gets where, this can be an emergency?
Eyes
38
Presentation of impetigo
Honeycomb appearance
| Golden cry flakey crust
39
Is impetigo contagious?
Extremely
40
Where is it most common to get impetigo?
Head and neck
41
Treatment of boils
Drain pus
| Antibiotics
42
What is ecthyma?
Localised cutaneous infection
43
Presentation of ecthyma
Localised
Crust in the middle
Ring of erythema
44
Treatment of ecthyma
Antibiotics
45
Where is the most common site of cellulitis?
Below the knee
46
What type of areas does candida albicans like?
Moist, gooey conditions
47
Presentation of candida albicans
Red erythema
| Satellite pustules
48
What is paranicia?
Inflammation of nail fold
49
Most common cause of chronic paranicia
Candida albicans
50
Treatment of paranicia
Co-trimizol
51
What is the medical term for athlete's foot?
Tinea pedis
52
What % of adult population has tinea pedis?
20%
53
Where is the most common place to get tinea pedis? Why?
Between 4th and 5th toes
| They are squished together the most
54
Treatment of tinea pedis
Co-trimezol
| Topinephine
55
What is tinea corposis also known as?
Ringworm
56
What is tinea cruris?
Fungal infection of the crotch
57
How can tinea cruris commonly be caused?
Athletes foot creeping up
58
What is tinea barbi?
Fungal infection of hair follicles
59
Lesions present in scabies
Burrow
Papules and vesicles
Excoriations
Pustules
60
How can you catch scabies?
```
Has to be from humans, not animals
Close contact for at least one minute
- school
- family
- sexual
Usually on hands
```
61
Pathology of scabies
After 6 weeks, the mite burrows into the skin and produces faeces that you become allergic to
62
What is the main presenting symptom of scabies and when is it at its worse?
Itching
| Nighttime
63
Presentation of scabies
Itching
Burrows
Widespread rash
64
Who needs to be treated for scabies?
Patient
| ALL close contacts
65
Treatment of scabies
Licolir
66
How is scabies cured?
Licolir
Leave on 8 - 12 hours then wash off
Repeat 7 days later to get rid of any fresh hatched eggs missed
67
What would be the cause of a persistence of a rash in treated scabies?
```
Treatment incorrect
- ALL contacts not treated simultaneously
- ALL patients not treatment
Diagnosis incorrect
Too much treatment
- can cause eczema and itching
```
68
What can be done to prevent shingles and in who?
Vaccine
- subcutaneously
- live attenuated
70 - 79 y/o
69
Main contraindication to shingles vaccine
Immunosuppression
70
Causative organisms of impetigo
Staph areus
| Strep pyogenes
71
Who is impetigo common in?
Children
| Particularly in warm weather
72
Incubation period of impetigo
4 - 10 days
73
Is impetigo contagious?
Yes, very
74
Treatment of impetigo if it is limited, localised disease
Topical fusidic acid 1st line
Topical retapamulin acid 2nd line
If MRSA - Topical mupirocin
75
Treatment of impetigo if extensive disease
Oral flucloxacillin
| Oral erythromycin if penicillin allergy
76
Should children be excluded from school if have impetigo?
Yes
- until lesions crusted over or
- 48 hours after commencing antibiotic treatment
77
Causative organism of molluscum contagiosum
Molluscum contagiousum virus
78
Transmission of molluscum contagiosum
Close direct contact
Indirectly via fomites (contaminated surfaces) e.g. flannels and shared towels
Sexual
79
Features of rash of molluscum contagiosum
Pinkish or pearly white papules with a central umbilication, which are up to 5mm n diameter
80
Where do lesions appear in mollucsum contagiousum?
Clusters in areas on anywhere on the body
EXCEPT
- palms
- soles of feet
81
Is molluscum contagiousum a self limiting condition?
Yes
82
Should children with molluscum contagiousum be excluded from school?
No
83
Who should be referred with mollsucum contagiousum?
HIV positive with extensive lesions
Eyelid margin or ocular lesions and assosiated red eye
Adults with anogenital lesions
84
Treatment of fungal nail infection
Oral Terbinafine
85
What is marjolins ulcer?
SSC occurring at sites of chronic inflammation or previous injury
86
What is pyoderma gangrenosum associated with?
IBD
87
Presentation of pyoderma gangrenosum
Commonly found on lower limbs
Painful
Size of an insect bite which grows
Red base and yellow topping (margarita pizza)
88
Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum
Steriods
89
What are stress ulcers due to burns referred as and what may they cause?
Curlings ulcer
| Haematemesis
90
What is the parkland formula used for?
Calculate the volume of IV fluid required for resuscitation over the first 24 hours after a burn
91
What is seborrheic dermatitis in adults due to?
Inflammatory reaction to Malassezia furfur
