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Dermatology > Benign Skin Lesions > Flashcards

Benign Skin Lesions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are some benign skin lesions?

A 
Seborrhoeic Keratoses
Viral warts 
Cysts
Dermatofibroma
Lipoma
Vascular lesions
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2
Q

Presentation of seborrheic keratoses

A

Warty growths
“Stuck on appearance”
Variable appearance
Multiple +/- cherry angiomas

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3
Q

Treatment of seborrheic keratoses

A

Generally left untreated
If troublesome
- cryotherapy
- curettage

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4
Q

What is Leser-Trelat?

A

Paraneoplastic phenomenon

Abrupt onset of widespread serborrheoic keratoses, particularly in a younger individual

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5
Q

What may SK Leser Trelat sign indicate?

A

Solid organ malignancy - GI adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

Cause of viral warts

A

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

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7
Q

Presentation of viral warts

A

Warts

Rough hyperkeratotic surface

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8
Q

Treatment of viral warts

A

Cryotherapy / wart paints can stimulate immune system slightly
Curette in severe cases

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9
Q

When will viral warts clear?

A

When immunity developed t the virus

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10
Q

What are cysts?

A

Encapsulated lesion containing fluid or semi fluid material

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11
Q

Presentation

A

Contain fluid / semi fluid
Firm
Fluctuant

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12
Q

What % of the population have cysts?

A

20%

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13
Q

Different types of cysts

A 
Epidermoid cyst
Pilar cyst 
Steatocystoma
Dermoid cyst
Hidrocystoma 
Ganglion cyst
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14
Q

Complications of cysts

A

Can rupture and cause inflammation of surrounding skin

May become secondary infected

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15
Q

Treatment of cysts

A 
Excision 
If inflamed/infected
- antibiotics
- intralesional steroid
- incision and drainage
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16
Q

What is a dermatofibroma?

A

Benign fibrous nodule, often on limbs

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17
Q

Pathology of dermatofibroma

A

Proliferation of fibroblasts

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18
Q

Cause of dermatofibroma

A

Unknown

Sometimes attributed to area of trauma

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19
Q

Presentation of dermatofibroma

A 
Often found on limbs
Firm nodule
Tethered to skin but mobile over fat 
Pale pink/brown 
Often paler in the centre 
Dimple sign positive 
Usually asymptomatic 
Can be itchy or tender
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20
Q

When would you excise a dermatofibroma?

A

If concern or symptomatic

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21
Q

What is lipoma?

A

Benign tumour consisting of fat cells

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22
Q

Presentation of lipoma

A 
Smooth and rubbery subcutaneous mass 
Usually asymptomatic 
If tender
- angiolipoma
- liposarcoma (rare)
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23
Q

What are the two vascular lesions?

A

Angioma

Pyogenic granuloma

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24
Q

What is an angioma?

A

Overgrowth of blood vessels in the skin due to proliferating endothelial cells

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25
Q

Presentation of angioma

A

Blood vessels
Asymptomatic
Can be unsightly or bleed

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26
Q

Who gets angiomas?

A

All age groups
Both M and F
Pregnancy
Liver Disease

27
Q

Treatment of angioma

A

Excision

Laser

28
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Rapidly enlarging red/raw growth, often at a site of trauma

Bleed easily

29
Q

Pyogenic granulomas occur in 5% of what?

A

Pregnancies

30
Q

Where are pyogenic granulomas common?

A

Head

Hands

31
Q

Treatment of pyogenic granulomas

A

Removal by

  • Curettage
  • Cautery
32
Q

Risk factors for pre malignant lesions

A

UV radiation

33
Q

What does UV radiation cause?

A

DNA damage

Immunosuppression

34
Q

What are the pre malignant skin lesions?

A

Bowen’s disease
Actinic Keratoses
Melanoma in situ

35
Q

What is Bowen’s disease?

A

Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma

36
Q

Pathology of Bowen’s disease

A

Full thickness dysplasia, entirely contained within the epidermis

37
Q

Can Bowen’s disease metastasise?

A

No

38
Q

What is Bowen’s disease potential to become malignant?

A

5%

39
Q

Presentation of Bowen’s disease

A

Irregular, scaly erythematous plaque

40
Q

Treatment of Bowen’s disease

A

Cryotherapy
Curettage
Photodynamic therapy
Imiquimod

41
Q

What is curettage?

A

Lesion scraped off and heat applied to seal vessels and destroy residual cancer cells

42
Q

What is actinic keratoses?

A

Rough scaley patches on sun damaged skin

43
Q

Risk of actinic keratoses transforming to SCC?

A

Low risk

44
Q

Treatment of actinic keratoses

A

Cryotherapy
Curettage
Diclofenac Gel
Imiquimod

45
Q

What is melanoma in situ?

A

Melanoma cells entirely confined to dermis

46
Q

Has melanoma in situ got metastatic potential?

A

No

47
Q

What is melanoma in situ treated with?

A

Excision

48
Q

What type of condition is actinic keratoses?

A

Premalignant

49
Q

What does acitinic keratoses develop as a consequence of?

A

Chronic sun exposure

50
Q

Presentation of actinic keratoses

A

Small crusty or scaly lesions
Pink, red brown or same colour as skin
Multiple lesions may be present

51
Q

Where do you find actinic keratoses?

A

Sun exposed areas e.g. temples of head

52
Q

Management of actinic keratoses

A 
Prevention of further risk 
- sun avoidance
- sun cream 
Fluorouracil cream (2 - 3 weeks)
- topical hydrocortisone sometimes given to settle inflammation 
Topical diclofenac (mild)
Topical imiquimod 
Cryotherapy 
Curettage and cautery
53
Q

Another name for cherry hemangioma

A

Campbell de morgan spots

54
Q

What are cherry hemangiomas?

A

Benign skin lesions which contain abnormal proliferation of capillaries

55
Q

Presentation of cherry hemangioma

A

Erythematous papular lesions
1 -3mm in size
Non blanching

56
Q

Where are cherry hemangiomas NOT found?

A

Mucous membranes

57
Q

Treatment of cherry hemangiomas

A

No treatment is usually required

58
Q

What are keloid scars?

A

Tumour like lesions that arise from connective tissue of a scar and extend beyond the dimensions of the original wound

59
Q

Predisposing factors for keloid scars

A

Ethnicity - dark skin

Young adults

60
Q

Common sites for keloid scars (in order of decreasing frequency)

A 
Sternum 
Shoulder 
Neck
Face
Extensor surface of limbs 
Trunk
61
Q

When are keloid scars less likely?

A

If incisions are made along relaxed skin tension lines

62
Q

Treatment of keloid scars

A

Early - intra lesional steroids e.g. triamcinolone

Excision sometimes required

63
Q

What is a feature of a keratoacanthoma?

A

They have a rapid growth phase

64
Q

Describe a keratoacanthoma

A

Red dome shaped lesion

Central defect that contains keratinous type material

Dermatology (11 decks)

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