Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Skin and Temperature Regulation > Flashcards

Skin and Temperature Regulation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is normal body temperature?

A

37 +/- 0.5C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At what temperature do proteins start to denature?

A

Above 41C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Below what temperature do you lose consciousness?

A

30C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does temperature vary with?

A

External temperature
Activity
Circadian rhythm
Menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is core temperature maintained by?

A

Balancing heat loss and heat gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

On a brisk walk, how much would the temperature raise by per 10 minutes?

A

1C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is conduction?

A

Heat transfer directly between touching objects

Usually a source of heat loss but can be heat gain as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is convection?

A

Fluid conduction hence wind chill and water chill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is lost via evaporation?

A

Respiration and sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much fluid is lost from evaporation during the day at rest?

A

600 ml per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the biggest source of heat loss from the skin?

A

Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cold receptors of the skins peak firing rate?

A

Below 30C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the range the cold receptors fire in?

A

10 - 40C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the peak firing rate for warm receptors?

A

Above 40C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the warm receptors fire in the range of?

A

30 - 50C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are peripheral thermoreceptors located?

A

Skin
especially in
- face
- scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are central thermoreceptors located?

A

Spinal cord
Abdominal organs
Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the peripheral thermoreceptors detect?

A

A change in environmental temperature

19
Q

What do the central thermoreceptors detect?

A

A change in body temperature

20
Q

Where do changes detected by both of the receptors go?

A

To the hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre

21
Q

What responses does the body have to cold stress?

A

General metabolism
Voluntary muscular activity
Shivering thermogenesis (involuntary)
Non shivering thermogenesis (only significant in infants due to brown adipose tissue)

22
Q

What is heat loss from the body reduced by?

A 
Vasomotor control
- sympathetic arteriolar constriction reduces the delivery of blood flow to the skin 
Behavioural responses
- reducing surface area
- adding clothing
- moving to warmer environment
23
Q

Definition of hypothermia

A

A fall in deep body temperature to below 35C

24
Q

Who is at risk of cold stress?

A 
Neonates
Elderly 
Vagrants
Cold store workers
North sea workers
Outdoor pursuits
25
Q

Treatment for cold stress

A

Dry / insulate to prevent further heat loss
Slow rewarming with bag/blanket
Intermetal rewarming with hot drinks and/or warm air

26
Q

Pathology of frost bite

A

Vasoconstriction
increase in viscosity of blood so harder to push through
Promotes thrombosis
Causes anoxia
Ice crystals form in extracellular space
Increases extracellular osmolarity
Causes movement of water from intracellular space
Cell dehydration and death

27
Q

What is the excess mortality in the winter?

A

40%

28
Q

How is heat production minimised?

A

Decreased physical activity

Decreased food intake

29
Q

Heat loss from the body is increased by…….

A 
Vasomotor control 
- arteriolar dilation increases delivery of blood to the skin 
Sweating
- sympathetic cholinergic fibres increase evaporate heat loss 
Behavioural responses 
- increasing surface area
- remove clothing
- move to shaded area/colder environment
30
Q

Definition of heat exhaustion

A

Body temperature raised in range 37.5-40C

31
Q

Another name for heat exhaustion

A

Heat illness

32
Q

Pathology of heat exhaustion

A

Vasodilation and drop in central blood volume

Caused by disturbance of the bodys fluid/salt balance due to excess sweating

33
Q

Presentation of heat exhaustion

A 
Headache
Confusion 
Nausea
Profuse sweating 
Clammy skin 
Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Weak pulse
Fainting
Collapse
34
Q

What can heat exhaustion lead to?

A

Heat stroke

35
Q

What is another name for heat stroke?

A

Heat injury

36
Q

Definition of heat stroke?

A

Body temp raised above 40C

37
Q

Pathology of heat stroke

A

Body temp control mechanisms fail

38
Q

Presentation of heat stroke

A

Hot dry skin (sweating ceased)

Circulatory collapse

39
Q

Who are those most at risk of overheating?

A

Neonates
Elderly
People doing physical work in hot humid environments
Workers wearing non breathable protective clothing

40
Q

Why is humid environments not ideal to cool your body down?

A

You cannot get rid of heat using evaporation in humid environments

41
Q

Treatment of heat stress

A 
Move to cool environment 
Remove clothing
Fan 
Sponge with tepid water
Give fluids
- oral 
- IV
42
Q

What is fever a mechanism of?

A

Fighting infetion

43
Q

Cause of fever

A

Endogenous pyrogens IL-1 and IL-6

Dermatology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions