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dermatology > Skin infections and infestations > Flashcards

Skin infections and infestations Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is an infection

A

Invasion and multiplication of a disease causing organism which leads to cellular injury

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2
Q

What is the normal skin flora

A

aerobic cocci:
Staphylococcus epidermis
staphylococcus aureus

Corynebacterium and propionbacterium

yeasts - malassezia furfur

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3
Q

What are the signs of an infection

A

erythema
hot
tender
pus
exudate
fever

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4
Q

What investigations are done for skin infections

A

Microscopy, culture and sensitivities

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5
Q

What does a bilateral rash normally eliminate from possible diagnosis

A

Infection

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6
Q

What is impetigo

A

Superficial skin infection which does not go deeper than the epidermis

It is the most common bacteria skin infection in children

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7
Q

What are the common pathogens which cause impetigo

A

Staph aureus is the most common

Strep pyogenes is also common

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8
Q

What is the classical sign that is diagnostic of impetigo

A

Golden crust

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9
Q

What is the treatment of impetigo

A

If localised : furisidic acid 3-4 times a day for 5 days
if MRSA give mupirocin

If widespread or severe or bullous -
Oral flucloxacillin 500mg 4x a day

erythromycin oral 500 mg 4x a day

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10
Q

What is the common presentation of cellulitis and erysipelas

A

Asymmetrical with an acute history

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11
Q

What is the common causative bacteria of cellulitis and erysipelas

A

erysipelas and cellulitis - strep pyogenes is most common and then staph aureus

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12
Q

What is the treatment for cellulitis and erysipelas

A

Only if severe:

Flucloxacillin IV 1g every 6 hours

If there is no response add benzylpenicillin iV 1.8g every 6 hours

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13
Q

What is the presentation of necrotising fasciitis

A

Patient appears very unwell and in pain - when undergoing a CT will see gas bubbles at the infection site

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14
Q

What is the management if bacterial infection of the skin

A

Take a swab and begin antibiotics since the swab takes time to come back

Adjust the treatment after the swab to what the diagnosed bacteria is vulnerable to and then review in a week

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15
Q

What is the presentation of oedema blisters

A

Acute exacerbation of oedema
Commonly on dorsum of the feet
often erythematous - red
can feel hot

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16
Q

What is the management of oedema blisters

A

Drainage of fluid and sending sample for blood test

Doesn’t need antibiotics if systemically well

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17
Q

What is lipodermatosclerosis

A

Inflammatory issue of the leg which is characterised by subcutaneous fibrosis and skin hardening

18
Q

Who is lipodermatosclerosis more commonly seen in

A

Older people with venous issues

19
Q

What are common signs of lipodermatosclerosis

A

Signs of venous disease and often bilateral

20
Q

What is the treatment of lipodermatosclerosis

A

Treat the underlying venous issue and give topical steroids

21
Q

Are fungal infections symmetric or asymmetric

A

asymmetric

22
Q

What is the treatment for tinea

A

Tinea on the feet, body, hands or groin respond to topical treatment : Terbinafine or clotrimazole cream

Scalp or nails will respond to oral antifungals

23
Q

What are the differences between eczema and tinea

A

Eczema is symmetrical while tinea is asymmetric

Eczema is commonly found on the flexors

24
Q

What are the common places to get yeast infections

A

Skin folds

25
Q

What is the treatment for candida

A

Antifungals - ketoconazole, nystatin and miconazole

26
Q

What is intertrigo and what is treatment

A

Superficial inflammatory condition Secondary to friction and irritating effect of sweat on the flexors

Emollients to reduce friction will help

27
Q

What can be seen in human papilloma virus

A

Hand and finger warts

Can see black dots on microscopy which are thrombosed capillaries

28
Q

What is the treatment of warts

A

Not necessary usually

Wart paints and cryotherapy can stimulate the immune system to attack the warts

29
Q

When do warts go away

A

When the patient develops immunity against the wart virus

30
Q

Why is it hard to clear viral warts

A

They affect the outer layers of skin so the immune system is not really aware of them

31
Q

How does cryotherapy work

A

Liquid nitrogen which causes medical frost bite and inflammation, alerts the immune system to the area

32
Q

What is molluscum contagiosum

A

DNA pox virus

papules

resolves when immunity develops

Highly contagious

33
Q

What is the treatment of molluscum contagiosum

A

Potassium hydroxide can be used which causes inflammation which alerts the immune system to the presence

34
Q

What does herpes simplex 1 cause

A

Cold sores

35
Q

What does herpes simplex 2 affect

A

The genitals

36
Q

What is the treatment of herpes simplex 1 and 2

A

Acyclovir

37
Q

What is herpes zoster virus

A

Chicken pox in children

Shingles in adults - is the same virus as chicken pox which stays dormant until the immunity of the individual decreases

38
Q

What is the treatment for scabies

A

Permethrin cream all over for 8 hours 2 applications of 30g a week apart

Shouldbe done to people who were in close contact as well

Oral IV ivermectin can be used but not in the UK and needs 2 dosage

39
Q

How does permethrin work

A

It is antiparasitic so it kills the mites as well as the eggs

40
Q

Why does the itch from scabies take time to go after the treatment

A

The burrows were present for so long that it takes time for the itch to decrease

41
Q

What is the presentation of shingles

A

Pain or tingly sensation before the rash is visible - the rash affects dermatomes so it is asymettrical (on one side) and is a horizontal line like a dermatome

patient is usually immunocompromised which reactivates the herpes zoster virus

42
Q
A

dermatology (10 decks)

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