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dermatology > benign and premalignant lesions > Flashcards

benign and premalignant lesions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is seborrheic keratoses

A

benign warty growths

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2
Q

How does seborrhoeic keratoses present

A

Usually there are multiple on a patient

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3
Q

What is the management of seborrhoeic keratoses

A

Usually left untreated unless it is causing issues

Cryotherapy (freezing the warts off) or curettage (scraping warts off) can be done

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4
Q

What is used in cryotherapy

A

liquid nitrogen

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5
Q

What are the negatives of cryotherapy

A

they can scar and can reoccur

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6
Q

What is the sign of Leser-Trelat

A

Abrupt onset of widespread seborrhoeic keratosis

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7
Q

What can the sign of Leser-Trelat indicate

A

Underlying solid organ malignancy - usually GI carcinoma

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8
Q

What causes viral warts

A

human papilloma virus

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9
Q

How does the treatment of viral warts work

A

The warts are so superficial, the immune does not realise there is a virus - the treatments cause inflammation (cryotherapy or wart paints) which stimulates the immune system so that they can find the virus causing the warts

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10
Q

What are cysts

A

Encapsulated lesion containing fluid or semi-fluid material

Usually firm and fluctulant

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11
Q

What is the risk with cysts

A

They can rupture and cause inflammation of the surrounding skin which can become infected

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12
Q

What is the treatment of cysts

A

Excision

If inflamed/infected - antibiotics
intralesional steroid
incsion and drainage

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13
Q

What is dermatofibroma

A

benign fibrous nodule which is often on the limbs

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14
Q

What causes the firm nodule in dermatofibroma

A

Proliferation of fibroblasts

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15
Q

What is the nodule of the dermatofibroma like

A

firm and tethered to the skin but can move over fat

It is pin/brown and paler in the centre

Dimple positive - if you squeeze on either side it di,ples

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16
Q

What is a lipoma

A

Benign tumour made up of fat

17
Q

How do lipomas present

A

Smooth and rubbery and usually are asymptomatic

18
Q

When should lipomas be removed

A

If they are tender

19
Q

What is an angioma

A

Overgrowth of blood vessels due to over proliferating endothelial cells

20
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma

A

rapidly enlarging red growth which is usually a site of trauma

21
Q

What is the common site of pyogenic granuloma

A

Hands and head

22
Q

What is the treatment of pyogenic granuloma

A

They are treated readily since they bleed readily

They are removed by curettage and then the bottom is burnt by cautery

23
Q

Which UV radiations can cause damage to the skin and increase malignancy risk

A

UV is immunosuppresive

UVC - filtered by the atmosphere and penetrates the epidermis

UVB - weakened by clouds and penetrates the dermis - causes burning

UVA - not weakened by clouds or glass - can penetrate down to the subcutaneous fat - causes tanning

24
Q

What is bowen’s disease

A

intradermal squamos cell carcinoma - full thickness dysplasia which entirely contained within the epidermis

Has the potential to become malignant

It is irregular and scaly erythematous plaque

25
Q

What is the treatment of Bowens

A

cryotherapy
curettage
photodynamic therapy
imiquimod

26
Q

What can curettage be used for

A

Superficial lesions as it does not penetrate the dermis

27
Q

What is photo-dynamic therapy

A

Photochemical reaction to selectively destroy cancer cells

28
Q

What are the pros and cons of photodynamic therapy

A

can treat multiple areas and is done by hospital staff

Cons are that it can be painful and scar

29
Q

What is imiquimod

A

An immune response modifier which stimulates release of cytokines to cause inflammation and destruction of the lesion

30
Q

What is the cons of imiquimod

A

6x a week
significant inflammation
recurrence is a chance

31
Q

What is actinic keratoses

A

Areas of squamous dysplasia on the surface of the skin

Low risk of transformation into squamous cell carcinoma

32
Q

What is the presentation of actinic keratoses

A

roughly scaly patches on sun damaged skin

33
Q

What is melanoma in situ

A

Melanoma cells entirely confined to the epidermis with no metastatic potential and can be treated by excision

34
Q

What is lentigo maligna

A

type of melanoma in situ which usually occurs in the face

35
Q

What is the difference between epidermoid and pillar cysts

A

epidermoid cysts - young and middle aged adults - common in acne

Pillar cyst - women more than men and in middle age

dermatology (10 decks)

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