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H+N and Dermatology > Skin Infections and Infestations > Flashcards

Skin Infections and Infestations Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What bacteria live on our skin?

A
  • Staph Epidermis (most common)
  • Staph Aureus
  • Cornyebacterium
  • Propionbacterium
  • Malassezia Furfur
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2
Q

What is impetigo?

Identifying features?

A
  • Most common bacterial skin infection in children
  • Superficial
  • Caused by one or both of the Staphylococci groups (aureus + epidermis)
  • Honey-yellow crusting and erythema
  • > (itching spreads it over the skin)
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3
Q

What is the Treatment of Impetigo?

A

always check local forumulary!

If localised:

  • Fusidic acid - 3-4x/day for 5 days (!!!)
  • Mupirocin (MRSA) - 3x/day for 5 days

Widespread, severe, bullous

  • oral Flucloxacillin - 4x/day for 7 days (!!!)
  • oral Erythromycin - 4x/day for 7 days (!!!)
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4
Q

What is the differential diagnosis of Cellulitis/Erysipelas?

A
  • DVT
  • Venous Eczema
  • Allergic contact Dermatitis
  • Necrotising Fasciitis
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5
Q

What is the management of Cellulitis/Erysipelas?

A
  • Take swab (or blood culture if systemically unwell)
  • Start abx
  • Review after 48hrs when skin swab results come back
  • > switch according to sensitivities
  • If not better in a week: consider alt. diagnosis
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6
Q

What are the identifying features of Lipodermatosclerosis?

A
  • (often misdiagnosed as cellulitis)*
  • Acute = hot + tender
  • Look for signs of venous disease (usually due to poor circulation in the legs)
  • Bilateral
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7
Q

What is the treatment of Lipodermatosclerosis?

A
  • Treat underlying venous disease
    (ie. compression hosiery, or surgery for varicose veins)
  • Topical steroids
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8
Q

What virus is more likely to cause finger/hand warts?

A

HPV

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9
Q

What is the management of HPV viral warts?

A
  • Contagious, but low risk of transmission
  • > kids should NOT be excluded from physical activities
  • > cover the plaster with
  • Treatment:
  • > normally not necessary: give leaflets to pts on viral warts!
  • > wart paints and cryotherapy can stimulate the immune system
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10
Q

What are the clinical presentations of HSV skin infection?

A
  • Cold sore

- Eczema Herpeticum
lots of monomorphic and crusted erosions

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11
Q

What is the treatment of HSV skin infection?

A
  • Aciclovir!
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12
Q

What is the treatment of Chickenpox? (VZV)

A

Nothing!

self-limiting

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13
Q

What is the treatment of Shingles? (HZV)

A

Nothing!

self-limiting

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14
Q

What is Molluscum Contagiosum?

A
  • Poxvirus
  • Umbilicated papules
  • potential for 2ary infection (if knocked or irritated)
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15
Q

What is the treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum?

A
  • Nothing!

(self-limiting -> resolves when pt. develops immunity)

  • can use 5% Potassium Hydroxide if clinically indicated/pt. preferences
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16
Q

What is Tinea?

What are the different clinical presentations of Tinea?

A
  • Infection by Dermatophyte
  • Body (tinea corporis (Ringworm)), Hand (tinea manuum), head (tinea capitis), foot (tinea pedis), groin (tinea cruris), nails (onychomycosis)
17
Q

What is the treatment of Tinea infection?

A
  • Feet, body, hands or groin = topical terbinafine or clotrimazole
  • Scalp or nails = oral antifungals
  • Check + treat other family members
18
Q

What is the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis?

A

Topical…

  • Nystatin
  • Miconazole
  • Ketoconazole
19
Q

What is the treatment of Inertrigo?

A
  • Emollients
20
Q

What causes Inertrigo?

A
  • Skin folds sitting and rubbing together

- Most cases are secondary to friction and irritating effect of sweat (ie. more common in high BMIs)

21
Q

Which areas does Scabies usually affect?

A
  • Web-spaces (hand)
  • Wrists
  • Genital skin
  • Nipples
  • Umbilicus
  • Feet and ankles
22
Q

How to make the diagnosis of scabies?

A
  • Typical burrow pattern on skin

- +/- marker pen + alcohol wipe, or skin scraping and biopsy

23
Q

What is the treatment of Scabies?

A
  • Permethrin cream top to toe for 8 hours
  • > 2 applications, 30g ~1 week apart
  • Treat all in household and close contacts
  • Explain that itch may take 1-4 weeks to settle
  • > treat symptomatically w steroids

H+N and Dermatology (16 decks)

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