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H+N and Dermatology > Otology > Flashcards

Otology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the common presenting symptoms in Otology cases?

A
  • Deafness
  • Tinnitus
  • Dizziness (vertigo)
  • Discharge
  • Otalgia
  • Facial Nerve:
  • > Drooping of the face
  • > Facial paralysis
  • > Weakened facial muscles
  • > Facial Twitches
  • > Excessive salivation
  • > Dry eyes
  • > Changes in taste
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2
Q

What are the standard ear examination techniques in Otology cases?

A
  • Otoscope
  • Tuning Fork tests
  • Whispered voice testing
  • Nystagmus
  • Facial (CN VII) nerve
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3
Q

What is the first line investigation for Nystagmus?

A
  • Videonystagmography (VNG)
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4
Q

What are the most common disorders in Otology cases?

A

External ear:
- Otitis Externa

Middle ear:

  • Acute Otitis Media
  • Otitis Media w Effusion (“glue ear”)
  • Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)
  • Tympanosclerosis
  • Otosclerosis

Inner ear:

  • Presbyacusis
  • Noise-induced Deafness
  • Acoustic Neuroma
  • Meniere’s Disease
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5
Q

What are the most common emergencies in Otology cases?

A
  • Foreign Body
  • Malignant/Severe Otitis Externa
  • Auricular Haematoma
  • Bell’s Palsy
  • Complications of CSOM (ie. in CNS)
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6
Q

What is the management of Auricular Haematoma?

A
  • Incision and drainage
  • Pressure dressage
  • Abx.
  • if left unmanaged, can lead to cauliflower ear…*
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7
Q

What is the management of Foreign Body in the ear?

A
  • Removal

Urgency: button battery > organic > inorganic

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8
Q

What is the management of Otitis Externa in the ear?

A
  • inflammation of external auditory meatus*
  • Abx./steroid drops +/- suction under microscope
  • Prevention: no water or cotton buds
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9
Q

What is the presentation of “Malignant” Otitis Externa?

A
  • Severe ear pain in elderly diabetic
  • Granulations in external auditory meatus
  • +/- cranial nerve palsies
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10
Q

What is the management of “Malignant” Otitis Externa?

A
  • Abx. for weeks or months
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11
Q

What is the pathology of “Malignant” Otitis Externa?

A
  • Osteomyelitis of Temporal bone
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12
Q

What is the pathology of Otitis Media w Effusion? (“glue ear”)

A
  • Sterile fluid in the middle ear
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13
Q

What is the presentation of Otitis Media w Effusion? (“glue ear”)

A
  • Hearing loss

- Speech delay

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14
Q

What is the management of Otitis Media w Effusion? (“glue ear”)

A

1 - Observation for 3 months

2 - Otovent

3 - Grommet

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15
Q

What is the Acute Suppurative Otitis Media?

A
  • Pus in the middle ear
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16
Q

What is the presentation of Acute Suppurative Otitis Media?

A
  • Otalgia +/- Otorrhoea
17
Q

What is the management of Acute Suppurative Otitis Media?

A
  • Observation +/- antibiotics
18
Q

What is the pathology of Tympanosclerosis?

A
  • Calcification in Tympanic membrane +/- middle ear
19
Q

What is the presentation of Tympanosclerosis?

A
  • Usually asymptomatic
20
Q

What is the management of Tympanosclerosis?

A
  • Usually none

* usually only treat if there is hearing loss*

21
Q

What is the pathology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)?

A
  • Perforated Tympanic membrane
  • > “burst ear drum”

or

  • Cholesteatoma
    (skin in middle ear +/- mastoid bone)
22
Q

What are the complications of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)?

A
  • “Dead ear”
  • Facial palsy
  • Meningitis
  • Brain abscess
23
Q

What are the causes of perforation of the Tympanic membrane? (or “burst” ear drum)

A
  • Infection
  • Trauma
  • Grommet
24
Q

What is the clinical presentation of perforation of Tympanic membrane? (or “burst” ear drum)

A
  • Recurrent infections

- Hearing loss

25
Q

What is the management of perforation of Tympanic membrane? (or “burst” ear drum)

A
  • Water precautions

- +/- myringoplasty (not essential tho!)

26
Q

What are the causes of Cholesteatoma?

A
  • Eustachian tube dysfunction

- Impaired skin migration

27
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Cholesteatoma?

A
  • Persistent, offensive (smelly) otorrhoea

RED FLAG SYMPTOM!!

28
Q

What is the management of Cholesteatoma?

A
  • Mastoidectomy
29
Q

What is the pathology of Otosclerosis?

A
  • Fixation of stapes by extra bone
30
Q

What are the clinical features of Otosclerosis?

A
  • Conductive hearing loss

- Normal tympanic membrane

31
Q

What is the management of Otosclerosis?

A
  • Hearing aid

or

  • Stapedectomy
32
Q

What are the clinical features of Facial Nerve (CN VII) palsy?

A
  • Lower motor neurone Facial palsy
33
Q

What are the causes of Facial Nerve (CN VII) palsy?

A
  • Intratemporal ie. Cholesteatoma
  • Extratemporal ie. Parotid tumour
  • Idiopathic = Bell’s palsy
34
Q

What is the management of Facial Nerve (CN VII) palsy?

A
  • Treat underlying cause (if possible)
  • Steroids (Bell’s palsy)
  • Eye care

H+N and Dermatology (16 decks)

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