Skin Histology and Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

Prevent fluid loss, Vit D, Thermoregulation, Protection, Sensation, Healing/regeneration, social/sexual

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2
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis
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3
Q

What are the layers of the Epidermis?

A
  • Basale
  • Spinosum
  • Granulosum
  • Corneum
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4
Q

What are the cells located in the Basale layer?

A
  • Stem cells
  • Transit-amplifying vells
  • Post-mitotic
  • Merkel cells
  • Melaocytes
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5
Q

How are the cells of the basale membrane attached to the basement membrane?

A
  • Hemidesmosomes
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6
Q

What is the Striatum spinosum layer?

A
  • Has desmosomes to provide resistance to abrasion

- Anchored to intracellular proteins “tonofibrils”

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7
Q

Whats in the striatum granulosum?

A

Cells fills with granules of keratohyaline protein

Secrete waxy, waterproofing substance

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8
Q

Whats in the Striatum corenum?

A
  • Flattened, keratin-filled anucleated squames
  • In a continous extracellular lipid matrix
  • “Barket-wave” pattern
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9
Q

What are langehans histiocyes?

A
  • Macrophages of skin

- In striatium spinosum

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10
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A
  • Papillary dermis

- Reticular dermis

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11
Q

Describe the papillary dermis?

A
  • Increase attachment to epidermal “rete ridges”

- Contain capillary loops (Subpapillary plexus)

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12
Q

Describe the reticular dermis

A
  • Denser colagen
  • Bigger Vessels (Dermal plexus)
  • Appendages
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13
Q

Whats in the hypodermis?

A
  • Adipose tissue + fibrous septae
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14
Q

What are the skin “appendages”

A
  • Pilosebaceous units
  • Sweat glands and ducts
  • Apocrine glands
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15
Q

What are the stages of skin healing?

A
  • Coagulation Phase
    1. Platelets
  • Inflammatory phase
    2. Plateletes, Macrophages, Neutrophils
  • Migratory phase
    3. Fibroblasts, Epithelial cells, Endothelial cells
  • Remodelling phase
    4. Myofibrblasts
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16
Q

Whats the difference between primary and seconary intention healing?

A

Primary = close the wound, healing simply and quick

Secondary = Form lots of granulation tissue takes a long time, gets retracted scar

17
Q

What happens in damaged skin after 3 days?

A
  • Inflammatory exudate established
  • Increased macrophage
  • Fibrin clot
  • Activation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells
18
Q

What happens in damaged skin after 7 days?

A
  • Vascular granulation tissue at base

- Keratinocyte migration and proliferation

19
Q

12 days

A
  • Granulation tissue become mature
  • Re-epitheliasation complete
  • Stratum corneum reform under scab
  • Scab falls off
  • Wound contractoon
20
Q

What are the features of mature scar?

A
  • Fibrous scar under epidermis
  • Loss of rete ridges
  • NO appendages
21
Q

When should you remove sutures?

22
Q

What are the zones of burned skin?

A
  • Zone of coagulation (necrosis)
  • Zone of stasis (reduced BF)
  • Zone of hyeraemia
23
Q

1st degree burn

A

Superficial

24
Q

2nd degree burn

A
Partial thickness (deep/superficial)
- Deep requires skin graft
25
3rd degree
full thickness
26
4th degree
Involve deep structure
27
Actinic keratinosis
- Abnormal basal cells - Acanthosis = Thickening of epidermis associated with increaswed cell turnover - Parakeratosis = Nuclei in stratum corneum - Solar elastosis = Blue pappilary demis from UV
28
Solar kertosis
Dysplasia - Abnormal basal cells - Many mitosis - Poor differentiation - Precursor to SCC - Should be treated
29
SCC
- Keratin pearls - Intercellular bridges - Can become invasive -
30
Basal cell carcinoma
- No keratin cells/Intracellular bridges | - Never metastasise