4. HIV 3 Flashcards
What is the co-receptor antagonist for R5?
Maraviroc
What is the co-receptor antagonist for X4?
AMD-11070
What is the drug that blocks virus-cell fusion ?
T20 = Enfuvirtide
How does Acyclovir work?
It is a guanosine analogue. has no phosphate groups and lacks the 3’ hydroxyl group.
It gets phosphorylated by Viral Thymidine kinase.
Terminates DNA polymerisation by DNA polymerase
What are the target for HIV antivirals?
- Fusion/Entry inhibitors
- Reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- Protease inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
What are Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)?
- T, C, G Analogues
- Used in viral RT in preference to cellular nucleoside
- ## Reduces infection but can’t eliminate virus completely
What are Non-nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitor ?
- Not DNA analogues
- Inhibit RT mechanisms
What are Integrase inhibitors?
- Raltegravir
- Blocks strand transfer of cDNA
What are protease inhibitors?
Saquinavir & Indinavir
- prevents maturation of budding viruses
What are the mechanisms of HIV drug resistance?
- High viral replication rate
- High RT mutation rate
- Selective pressure favouring combination therapy
- Pre-existing mutant
- Resistent virus has reduced replicative capacity and pathogenicity
What are the side effects of HAART in the 1st decade?
- Lipoatrophy (cheeks)
- Lipodystrophy
- Neuropathy
What is the modern HAART?
Atripla (TDF/FTC/EFV)
How to prevent HIV transmission during breastfeeding?
- HAART for mom
- NVP prophylaxis for baby
Do CD4+ numbers recover after HAART therapy?
Yes
How to force latent infections out?
- HDACi
