skin, hair & nails, abdomen, breasts & regional lymphs Flashcards
select the best description of the secretions of the eccrine glands:
a) thick, milky
b) dilute saline solution
c) protective lipid substance
d) keratin
b) dilute saline solution
naevus is the medical term for:
a) a freckle
b) a birthmark
c) an infected hair follicle
d) a mole
d) a mole
to assess for early jaundice, you will assess:
a) sclera and hard palate
b) nail beds
c) lips
d) all visible skin surfaces
d) all visible skin surfaces
checking for skin temp is best accomplished by using:
a) palmar surface of the hands
b) ventral surface of the hands
c) fingertips
d) dorsal surface of the hands
d) dorsal surface of the hands
skin turgor is assessed by picking u a large fold of skin on the anterior chest under the clavicle. this is done to determine the presence of:
a) oedema
b) dehydration
c) vitiligo
d) scleroderma
b) dehydration
Select the lesion description that is most complete :
a) raised, irregular lesion the size of 10c, located on dorsum of L hand
b) open lesion with no drainage or odour approx. 1cm diameter
c) pedunculated lesion below L scapula with consistent red colour, no drainage or odour
d) dark brown, raised lesion with irregular border, on dorsum of R foot, 3cm in size with no drainage
d) dark brown, raised lesion with irregular border, on dorsum of R foot, 3cm in size with no drainage
the normal angle between the nail base and the nail is:
a) 60
b) 100
c) 160
d) 180
c) 160`
the capillary beds should refill after being depressed in:
a) 2sec
c) 1-2sec
d) time is not significant as long as colour returns
c)1-2sec
During a routine visit, Mr Bond, 78 y/o asks about small, round, flat, brown macules on the hands. Your best response after examining the area is:
a) ‘These are the result of sun exposure and do not require treatment’
b) ‘These are related to exposure to the sun. they may become cancerous.’
c) “These are the skin tags that occur with aging. No treatment required’
d) “Im glad you bought this to my attention. I will arrange a biopsy’
a) ‘These are the result of sun exposure and do not require treatment’
An area of smooth, rubbery, raised tissue near a scar is called:
a) lichenification
b) plaque
c) atrophy
d) keloid
d) keloid
flattening of the angle between the nail and its base is:
a) found in subacute bacterial endocarditis
b) a description of spoon shaped nails
c) related to calcium deficiency
d) described as clubbing
d) described as clubbing
the configuration for individual lesions arranged in circles or arc, as occurs with ringworm, is called:
a) linear
b) clustered
c) annular
d) gyrate
c) annular
the A in the ABCDE rule stands for:
a) accuracy
b) appearance
c) asymmetric
d) attenuated
c) asymmetric
a risk factor for melanoma is:
a) brown eyes
b) darkly pigmented skin
c) skin that freckles or burns before tanning
d) use of sunscreen products
c) skin that freckles or burns before tanning
T/F:
yellowing of the skin, sclera and mucous membranes develops after the 3rd-4th day of life
T
T/F:
yellowing occurs because of the decreased no. of RBC that haemolyse after birth
False - they increase
T/F:
jaundice on the 1st day of life may indicate haemolytic disease
True
T/F:
the haemoglobin in the RBC is metabolised by the liver and spleen but its pigment is not converted into bilirubin
False - It is converted
T/F:
jaundice after 2 weeks old may indicate biliary tract obstruction
True
Mix and match
a) epidermis
b) dermis
c) subcutaneous layer
1 - basal cell layer 2 - aids protection by cushioning 3 - collagen 4 - adipose tissue 5 - uniformly thin 6 - stratum corneum 7 - elastic tissue
1 = a 2 = c 3 = b 4 = c 5 = a 6 = a 7 = b
select the sequence of techniques used during an examination of the abdomen
a) percussion, inspection, palpation, auscultation
b) inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
c) inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
d) auscultation, inspection, palpation, percussion
c) inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
which of the following may be noted through inspection of the abdomen?
a) fluid waves and abdomen contour
b) umbilival eversion and Murphy’s sign
c) venous pattern, peristalitic waves and abdominal contour
d) peritoneal irritation, general tympany and peristaltic waves
c) venous pattern, peristalitic waves and abdominal contour
RUQ tenderness may indicate pathology in the:
a) liver, pancreas or ascending colon
b) liver and stomach
c) sigmoid colon, spleen or rectum
d) appendix or ileocaecal valve
a) liver, pancreas or ascending colon
hyperactive bowel sounds are:
a) high pitched
b) rushing
c) tinkling
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
the absence of bowel sounds is established after listening for:
a) 1 full min
b) 3 full mins
c) 5 full mins
d) none of the above
c) 5 full mins
auscultation of the abdomen may reveal bruits of which of these arteries:
a) aortic, renal. iliac and femoral
b) jugular, aortic, carotid and femoral
c) pulmonic, aortic and portal
d) renal, iliac, internal jugular and basilic
a) aortic, renal. iliac and femoral
the range of normal liver span on the R midclav line in adults is:
a) 2-6 cm
b) 4-8 cm
c) 8-12 cm
d) 6 -12 cm
d) 6 -12 cm
the LUQ contains the:
a) liver
b) appendix
c) left ovary
d) spleen
d) spleen
striae, which occurs when elastic fibres in the reticular layer of the skin are broken following prolonged or rapid stretching after a long duration this colour is:
a) pink
b) blue
c) purple - blue
d) silvery white
d) silvery white
Peptic ulcer disease occurs with which of the following:
1 frequent use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
2 alco consumption
3 smoking
4 helicobacter pylori infection
a) 1, 2 and 4
b) 1, 2 and 3
c) none of the above
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Auscultation of the abdomen is begun in the RLQ because:
a) bowel sounds are always normally present here
b) peristalsis through the descending colon is usually active
c) this is the location of the pyloric sphincter
d) vascular sounds are best heard in this area
a) bowel sounds are always normally present here
a dull percussion note forwards of the left midaxillary line is:
a) normal, an expected finding during splenic percussion
b) expected between the 8-12 ribs
c) found if the examination follows a large meal
d) indicative of splenic enlargement
d) indicative of splenic enlargement
shifting dullness is a test for:
a) ascites
b) splenic enlargement
c) inflammation of the kidney
d) hepatomegaly
a) ascites
tenderness during abdominal palpation is expected when palpating:
a) the liver edge
b) the spleen
c) the sigmoid colon
d) the kidneys
c) the sigmoid colon
Murphy’s sign is best described as:
a) the pain felt when the hand of the examiner is rapidly removed from an inflamed appendix
b) pain felt when taking a deep breath when the examiner’s fingers are on the approx. location of the inflamed gallbladder
c) a sharp pain felt by the pt when one hand of the examiner is used to thump the other at the costovertebral angle
d) not a valid examination technique
b) pain felt when taking a deep breath when the examiner’s fingers are on the approx. location of the inflamed gallbladder
the reservoirs for storing milk in the breast are:
a) lobules
b) alveoli
c) Montgomery’s glands
d) lactiferous sinuses
d) lactiferous sinuses
the most common site of breast tumours is:
a) U in Q
b) U out Q
c) L in Q
d) Lout Q
b) U out Q
a 13 y/o girl being examined questions her breast asymmetry. the best response is:
a) One breast may grow faster than the other during development
b) I will give you a referral for a mammogram
c) you will probable have fibrocystic disease when your older
d) this may be an indication of hormonal imbalance. we will check in 6mth
a) One breast may grow faster than the other during development
when teaching to self examine. the best time to check is:
a) at the onset of period
b) on 14th day of cycle
c) on 4-7th day of cycle
d) just before period
c) on 4-7th day of cycle
when should a women should get a mammogram screening:
a) every yr
b) every 2yrs
c) twice a yr
b) every 2yrs
what is the best position to inspect the breasts:
a) lying supine with arms at sides
b) leaning forward with hands outstretched
c) sitting with hands pushing onto hips
d) one arm at side and other elevated
c) sitting with hands pushing onto hips
a bimanual technique may be the referred approach for a women
a) who is pregnant
b) who is having the 1st breast examination by health provider
c) with pendulous breasts
d) who has felt a change on self examination
c) with pendulous breasts
during the examination a 70y/o man you note gynaecomastia. you should:
a) refer for biopsy
b) refer for mammogram
c) review the medications for drug that have gynaecomastia side effects
d) proceed with exam
c) review the medications for drug that have gynaecomastia side effects
you detect a mass . identify the description that is most consistent with cancer rather than benign breast disease:
a) round, firm, well demarcated
b) irregular, poorly defined and fixed
c) rubbery, mobile and tender
b) irregular, poorly defined and fixed
what would you expect on a pregnant womens breast:
a) peau d’orange
b) nipple retraction
c) unilateral, obvious venous pattern
d) blue vascular pattern over the breasts
d) blue vascular pattern over the breasts
which should NOT be referred:
a) 26 y/o with multiple nodules palpated on each breast
b) 48 y/o has a 6mth Hx of reddened and sore L nipple and areaolar area
c) 25 y/o with symmetrical breasts and inversion of nipples since adolescents
d) 64 y/o with ulcerated area at tip of R nipple, no masses, tenderness or nodes palpated
c) 25 y/o with symmetrical breasts and inversion of nipples since adolescents
a lump on the breast should be referred . a benign lesion will usually have 3 characteristics. which one is malignant:
a) soft
b) well defined margins
c) freely movable
d) irregular shape
d) irregular shape
gynaecomastia is:
a) enlargement of the male breasts
b) presence of mast cells in male breasts
c) cancer of male breasts
d) presence of supernumeracy breast on male chest
a) enlargement of the male breasts
which is the 1st physical change associated with puberty in girls:
a) areolar elevation
b) breast bud development
c) height spurt
d) pubic hair development
e) menarche
b) breast bud development
