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Health Assessment > Skin/hair/nails > Flashcards

Skin/hair/nails Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Alopecia

A

hair loss

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2
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive hair growth

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3
Q

Seborrhea Skin

A

oily

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4
Q

xerosis skin

A

dry

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5
Q

Changes in skin color

A

pallor – anemia, jaundice – liver cyanosis - respiratory disease

Pallor – oxygenated hgb is lost or due to vasoconstriction,

erythema is caused by dilated capillaries

cyanosis is due to decreased perfusion of tissues

jaundice is due to increased bilirubin in blood

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6
Q

Pruritus

A

itching of skin

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7
Q

Causes of hypothermia

A

general: shock, cardiac arrest, induced

Localized occurs in arterial and venous insufficiency

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8
Q

causes of hyperthermia

A

can occur with and increased metabolic rate with fever, exercise or hyperthyroidism
Localized occurs with trauma, infection or sunburn

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9
Q

Diaphoresis

A

sweating

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10
Q

Tanner staging

A

identifies gender patterns of hair distribution.

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11
Q

Inspection and Palpation: Nails

A

Profile sign: view index finger at its profile and note angle of nail base; it should be about 160 degrees

Capillary refill- 2 seconds

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12
Q

ABCDEF Skin Assessment

A

A: asymmetry
B: border irregularity
C: color variations
D: diameter greater than 6 mm
E: elevation or evolution
F: funny looking—“ugly duckling” —different from others

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13
Q

Shapes and Configurations of Lesions

A

Annular or circular
Begins in center and spreads to periphery

Confluent
Lesions run together

Discrete
Distinct and separate

Grouped
Cluster of lesions

Target or iris
Resembles iris of eyes, concentric rings

Linear
Scratch, streak, line, or stripe

Polycyclic
Annular lesions grow together.

Zosteriform
Linear arrangement following a unilateral nerve route ONLY SEEN IN SHINGLES

Gyrate
Twisted, coiled, or snakelike

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14
Q

macule (skin)

A

freckle, nevus

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15
Q

Patch (skin)

A

Macules that are larger than 1 cm

Ex of patch is vitiligo, café au lait spot

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16
Q

Papules (skin)

A

mole, wart, thickening of the epidermis

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17
Q

Plaques

A

papules but more of a rash (ex) psoriasis

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18
Q

Wheals

A

Superficial, raised, transient and erythematous, irregular in shape due to edema

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19
Q

Urticaria (hives)

A

Wheals coalesce to form extensive pruritic reaction.

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20
Q

Vesicles

A

Elevated cavity containing fluid up to 1 cm (blister)

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21
Q

Cysts

A

Encapsulated fluid filled cavity (underneath skin)

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22
Q

Bullas

A

Larger than 1 cm diameter, (big blister)

(burn or pemphigoid)

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23
Q

Pustules

A

pus in cavity that is circumscribed and elevated

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24
Q

Fissures

A

Linear crack with abrupt edges extending into dermis

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25
Erosions
Scooped out but shallow depression
26
Ulcers
Deeper depression extending into dermis with irregular shape, may bleed, leaves scar
27
Excoriations
Self-inflicted abrasion that is superficial
28
Atrophic scars
Resulting skin level is depressed with loss of tissue and thinning ex-striae
29
Lichenifications
Prolonged intense scratching leads to thickened skin producing tightly packed set of papules
30
Keloids
Benign excess of scar tissue beyond original injury
31
Pressure Injury
Stage I: Non-blanchable erythema Stage II: Partial-thickness skin loss Stage III: Full-thickness skin loss Stage IV: Full-thickness skin/tissue loss Deep tissue pressure injury (DTPI)
32
Decubiti
ulcer/bedsore
33
Hemangiomas (skin)
caused by a benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis Port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) Strawberry mark (immature hemangioma) Cavernous hemangioma (mature)
34
Telangiectases
caused by a permanent vascular dilation on the skin surface Spider or star angioma Venous lake
35
Purpuric lesions
Petechiae-red/purple dots all over Ecchymosis Purpura-confluent and extensive patch of Petechiae and ecchymosis
36
Lesions caused by trauma or abuse
Pattern injury Hematoma (pool of blood clots) Contusion (bruise)
37
Contusion
bruise
38
Hematoma
localized bleeding
39
Common Skin Lesions in Children
Diaper dermatitis Intertrigo (candidiasis)-skin rash Impetigo-skin rash Atopic dermatitis (eczema) Measles (rubeola) German measles (rubella) Chickenpox (varicella)
40
Impetigo
highly contagious bacterial infection – honey colored crusts – most often in infants and kids
41
Eczema
overstimulated immune system
42
Tinea corporis
ringworm of the body
43
Tinea pedis
(ringworm of the foot)—Athlete's foot
44
Herpes zoster
shingles
45
Erythema Migrans
lyme disease
46
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Less common than basal cell but grows rapidly. Predominantly in sun-damaged skin Can be painful, ulcerate, and bleed Low risk for metastasis
47
Malignant Melanoma
Potentially lethal-(hard to treat when diagnosed late) Brown, black, tan, pink-red, purple, or mixed color Irregular borders (often) Women: common in trunk and back of legs Men: palms, soles of feet , and nails in Black skin color. Risk factors: UV radiation from sun and indoor tanning, family history
48
AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma
A vascular tumor is most common tumor in persons infected with HIV Considered an AIDS-defining illness Can occur at any stage of HIV infection
49
Seborrheic dermatitis (hair)
cradle cap, red scaly, dry, flashy itchy skin
50
Tinea capitis (hair)
scalp ringworm
51
Pediculosis capitis (hair)
lice
52
Beau’s lines (nail)
transverse depressions that appear as white lines across the fingernails sign of an acute severe illness such as malnutrition, a systemic disease, trauma, or coronary occlusion
53
Splinter hemorrhage
linear bleeding under a fingernail or toenail, resembling a splinter. It is seen after trauma and in bacterial endocarditis
54
Pitting
Small, punctate indentations in fingernails or toenails, often a result of psoriasis
55
angioma
benign tumor
56
Mobility and Turgor
Mobility: decreased with edema Turgor: is increased with dehydration and weight loss
57
anasarca-generalize edema
has a central cause – heart or kidneys
58
acrochordons
skin tags
59
Keratoses
benign, dark colored skin, looks scaly or waxy (develops more in the elderly)
60
Lanugo
fine downy hair of newborn infant
61
Vernix caseosa
thick, cheesy substance

Health Assessment (9 decks)

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