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Health Assessment > Skin/hair/nails > Flashcards

Skin/hair/nails Flashcards

1
Q

Alopecia

A

hair loss

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2
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive hair growth

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3
Q

Seborrhea Skin

A

oily

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4
Q

xerosis skin

A

dry

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5
Q

Changes in skin color

A

pallor – anemia, jaundice – liver cyanosis - respiratory disease

Pallor – oxygenated hgb is lost or due to vasoconstriction,

erythema is caused by dilated capillaries

cyanosis is due to decreased perfusion of tissues

jaundice is due to increased bilirubin in blood

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6
Q

Pruritus

A

itching of skin

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7
Q

Causes of hypothermia

A

general: shock, cardiac arrest, induced

Localized occurs in arterial and venous insufficiency

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8
Q

causes of hyperthermia

A

can occur with and increased metabolic rate with fever, exercise or hyperthyroidism
Localized occurs with trauma, infection or sunburn

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9
Q

Diaphoresis

A

sweating

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10
Q

Tanner staging

A

identifies gender patterns of hair distribution.

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11
Q

Inspection and Palpation: Nails

A

Profile sign: view index finger at its profile and note angle of nail base; it should be about 160 degrees

Capillary refill- 2 seconds

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12
Q

ABCDEF Skin Assessment

A

A: asymmetry
B: border irregularity
C: color variations
D: diameter greater than 6 mm
E: elevation or evolution
F: funny looking—“ugly duckling” —different from others

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13
Q

Shapes and Configurations of Lesions

A

Annular or circular
Begins in center and spreads to periphery

Confluent
Lesions run together

Discrete
Distinct and separate

Grouped
Cluster of lesions

Target or iris
Resembles iris of eyes, concentric rings

Linear
Scratch, streak, line, or stripe

Polycyclic
Annular lesions grow together.

Zosteriform
Linear arrangement following a unilateral nerve route ONLY SEEN IN SHINGLES

Gyrate
Twisted, coiled, or snakelike

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14
Q

macule (skin)

A

freckle, nevus

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15
Q

Patch (skin)

A

Macules that are larger than 1 cm

Ex of patch is vitiligo, café au lait spot

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16
Q

Papules (skin)

A

mole, wart, thickening of the epidermis

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17
Q

Plaques

A

papules but more of a rash (ex) psoriasis

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18
Q

Wheals

A

Superficial, raised, transient and erythematous, irregular in shape due to edema

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19
Q

Urticaria (hives)

A

Wheals coalesce to form extensive pruritic reaction.

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20
Q

Vesicles

A

Elevated cavity containing fluid up to 1 cm (blister)

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21
Q

Cysts

A

Encapsulated fluid filled cavity (underneath skin)

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22
Q

Bullas

A

Larger than 1 cm diameter, (big blister)

(burn or pemphigoid)

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23
Q

Pustules

A

pus in cavity that is circumscribed and elevated

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24
Q

Fissures

A

Linear crack with abrupt edges extending into dermis

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25
Q

Erosions

A

Scooped out but shallow depression

26
Q

Ulcers

A

Deeper depression extending into dermis with irregular shape, may bleed, leaves scar

27
Q

Excoriations

A

Self-inflicted abrasion that is superficial

28
Q

Atrophic scars

A

Resulting skin level is depressed with loss of tissue and thinning

ex-striae

29
Q

Lichenifications

A

Prolonged intense scratching leads to thickened skin producing tightly packed set of papules

30
Q

Keloids

A

Benign excess of scar tissue beyond original injury

31
Q

Pressure Injury

A

Stage I: Non-blanchable erythema

Stage II: Partial-thickness skin loss

Stage III: Full-thickness skin loss

Stage IV: Full-thickness skin/tissue loss

Deep tissue pressure injury (DTPI)

32
Q

Decubiti

A

ulcer/bedsore

33
Q

Hemangiomas (skin)

A

caused by a benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis

Port-wine stain (nevus flammeus)

Strawberry mark (immature hemangioma)

Cavernous hemangioma (mature)

34
Q

Telangiectases

A

caused by a permanent vascular dilation on the skin surface

Spider or star angioma
Venous lake

35
Q

Purpuric lesions

A

Petechiae-red/purple dots all over

Ecchymosis

Purpura-confluent and extensive patch of Petechiae and ecchymosis

36
Q

Lesions caused by trauma or abuse

A

Pattern injury
Hematoma (pool of blood clots)
Contusion (bruise)

37
Q

Contusion

A

bruise

38
Q

Hematoma

A

localized bleeding

39
Q

Common Skin Lesions in Children

A

Diaper dermatitis
Intertrigo (candidiasis)-skin rash
Impetigo-skin rash
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Measles (rubeola)
German measles (rubella)
Chickenpox (varicella)

40
Q

Impetigo

A

highly contagious bacterial infection – honey colored crusts – most often in infants and kids

41
Q

Eczema

A

overstimulated immune system

42
Q

Tinea corporis

A

ringworm of the body

43
Q

Tinea pedis

A

(ringworm of the foot)—Athlete’s foot

44
Q

Herpes zoster

A

shingles

45
Q

Erythema Migrans

A

lyme disease

46
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Less common than basal cell but grows rapidly.

Predominantly in sun-damaged skin
Can be painful, ulcerate, and bleed

Low risk for metastasis

47
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

Potentially lethal-(hard to treat when diagnosed late)

Brown, black, tan, pink-red, purple, or mixed color

Irregular borders (often)

Women: common in trunk and back of legs

Men: palms, soles of feet , and nails in Black skin color.

Risk factors: UV radiation from sun and indoor tanning, family history

48
Q

AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

A vascular tumor is most common tumor in persons infected with HIV
Considered an AIDS-defining illness
Can occur at any stage of HIV infection

49
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis (hair)

A

cradle cap, red scaly, dry, flashy itchy skin

50
Q

Tinea capitis (hair)

A

scalp ringworm

51
Q

Pediculosis capitis (hair)

A

lice

52
Q

Beau’s lines (nail)

A

transverse depressions that appear as white lines across the fingernails

sign of an acute severe illness such as malnutrition, a systemic disease, trauma, or coronary occlusion

53
Q

Splinter hemorrhage

A

linear bleeding under a fingernail or toenail, resembling a splinter.

It is seen after trauma and in bacterial endocarditis

54
Q

Pitting

A

Small, punctate indentations in fingernails or toenails,

often a result of psoriasis

55
Q

angioma

A

benign tumor

56
Q

Mobility and Turgor

A

Mobility: decreased with edema

Turgor: is increased with dehydration and weight loss

57
Q

anasarca-generalize edema

A

has a central cause – heart or kidneys

58
Q

acrochordons

A

skin tags

59
Q

Keratoses

A

benign, dark colored skin, looks scaly or waxy (develops more in the elderly)

60
Q

Lanugo

A

fine downy hair of newborn infant

61
Q

Vernix caseosa

A

thick, cheesy substance

Health Assessment (9 decks)

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