Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Epiphysis
Where bone attaches
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
Metaphysis
Between diaphysis and epiphysis
Epiphyseal plate
Growth plate
Periosteum
Membrane that covers bone, contains tiny blood vessels
3 types of bone cells
Osteoblasts -Form new bone
Osteocytes-Maintain bone as living tissue
Osteoclasts-Absorbs and removes tissue
Barlow’s and Ortolani’s maneuver
is used to assess for developmental dysplasia of the hip of the newborn
Lordosis
excessive inward curvature of the spine. common in pregnancy
Myalgia
muscle pain
Ankylosis
stiffness or fixation of a joint (fused together)
Subluxation
two bones in a joint stay in contact but alignment is off (usually more painful)
Contracture
shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM (stroke patients) ex. Hands that clinch and cant move, will eventually shortening muscles
Tempomandibular Joint (TMJ)
TMJ is the articulation of the mandible and temporal bone
Has 3 actions:
Hinge
Open & close
Gliding
Protrusion & retraction
Gliding
Side-to-side at lower jaw
Assessing (TMJ)
Inspect area anterior to ear
Palpate with 2 fingers in front of each ear Open mouth and drop finger into depression
ROM
Open mouth maximally
Partially open mouth and protrude lower jaw, move side to side
Stick out lower jaw
Palpate contracted temporalis and masseter muscles
Repeat ROM against resistance to check muscle strength
Audible and palpable snap or click can be normal
Crepitus not normal
Decreased ROM with inflammation and arthritis
Tenderness with palpation is not normal
33 vertebrae stacked in a vertical column
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 3 or 4 coccygeal
