skin, hair, and nails Flashcards
accessory structures
hair, nails, sweatglands, sebaceous glands
what is skin considered
body organ, an elastic, self-generating cover for entire body
functions of integumentary system
protects the body from invasion
protects internal body structured from physical trauma
helps retain body fluids and electrolytes
produces vitamin d
helps regulate body temperature
what should you provide when inspecting the skin?
adequate lighting
why is natural light good?
best for detecting subtly color changes, especially for clients who have dark skin tones
when insepecting the skin you should…..
make sure the room is room temperature and have client remove wig/hair coverings
tatto assessment
use inspection and palpation
tattoos can make rash or color changes
skin cancer is more common in locations where tattoos have been removed
when assessing the color of the hair, nails, and skin what should you be assessing for?
uniformity
- skin color should be consistent over most areas of bosy
what do other skin odors indicate?
infection
extremities should be
symmetric and similar to rest of body
what side of hand do you palpate for temperature?
dorsal
are slight cooloer temperarures of hands and feet acceptable?
yes
how do you assess skin turgor?
lifting and releasing a fold of skin on the forearm or sternum of an adult to verify that it returns quickly into place
tenting
delay in the skin returning to its usaly place
- indicates dehydration- increasing the risk for skin breakdown
where is the best place on the body to inspect the color change
palms, soles of feet, lips, tongue, and nail beds
pallor
loss of color
in black skin tones=gray change
in brown skin tones= yellow-brown
in white skin tones= loss of red undertones
where can you check pallor?
face, conjunctivae, nail beds, palms, lips, buccal mucosa
cyanosis
bluish for light skin tones in general
dark skin tones=on palms and soles
location of cyanosis
nail beds, lips, mouth muscosa, skin, palms
jaundice
yellow to orange
location of jaundice
skin, sclera, mucous membranes, changes best detected in the sclera fo right skin tones and oral mucous membranes or hard palate for darker skin tones
- clients who have dark skin= expected finding to have a yellow tinge and or yellow color sclera
erthema
redness
- clients who have darker skin can be hard to see
- palpate skin for warmth; inflamed areas feel more firm or wood like and can be tender
location for erythema
face, skim, trauma and pressure sore areas
pressure sore
layers of skin eroding due to preassure
when insepcting hair what shoud you be looking for?
surface characteristics, hair distribution, texture, quanitity and color
hair surface charteristics
smooth without flaking, scaling, redness, or lesions, shiny and soft
what does a varied growth hormone represent
indicate hormone alterations
hair loss=
inadquate prefusion
clubbing=
chronic low oxygen related to heart and lung disease
skin lesions should be examined for:
size, color, shape, consistency, elevation, location, distribution, configuration, tenderness, fluid, and drainage
where do primary lesions arise from
healthy skin tissue
examples of primary lesions
macule freckle petechiae papule nodule wart wesicle blister tumor
atrophy
thinning of skin with loss of normal skin furrow. shin is shinny and translucent
erosion
lost epidermis, moist surface, no bleeding: scab
scale
flakes of skin that exfoliate
fissure
linear crack
ulcer
loss of epidermis and dermis with possible bleeding, scarring
common exmaple of skin lesions in adults
- primary contact dermatitis- usually from jewerly
- tinea pedis (ringworm of the foot)
- psoriasis
common exmples of skin lesions in older adults
- lentigines (liver spots)
- seborrheic keratosis
- dermatosis papulosa nigra, a form of seborrheic kertaosis with possible tag like lesions
