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health assessment exam 2 > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

causes of pain

A

oxygenation
perfusion
metabolism
tissue integrity

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2
Q

effect of pain

A 
elimination
nutrition 
sexuality
motion
sleep
development
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3
Q

margo mccaffery

A

pain is subjective, unpleasant snesation that exists when the person is experiencing it says it exists, and whose quality and severity can only be determined by the person reporting it

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4
Q

myths about pain

A
  • there are objective and universally applicable ways to confirm the existence of pain
  • that people with a history of substance abuse exaggerate their pain to get more medications
  • that pain occurs on a regular schedule when analgesics are due to be administered
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5
Q

acute pain

A

discomfort or physical distress signaling actualy or potential damage and characterized by an identifiable cause , a short duration, resolution with healing, and few long term emotional consequences
- hits hard not forever

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6
Q

addicition

A

refering to a drug addiction: a dependence phenomenon characterized by impaired control over drug use, compulisve use, continued use despite, and craving

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7
Q

adjuvant analgesia

A

drug primarily used to treat something other than pain but also enhances pain refief

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8
Q

alternative therapies

A

treatment approcaches, used to replace conventional treatments, which are not currently considered part of conventional western med

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9
Q

analgesia

A

absence of sensisitivty to pain

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10
Q

analgesic

A

substance used as a pain reliever; a drug that acts to reduce pain, including over the counter drugs such as aspirin as well as those available by prescription only

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11
Q

analgestic ceiling

A

dose of a particiular drug beyond which additional amount of the same drug do not increase the analgestic effect

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12
Q

breakthrough pain

A

flaring of moderate to severe pain despite therapeutic doses of analgesics

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13
Q

chronic pain

A

feelig of physical distress or discomfort that persists over a long period of time and does not always have an identifiable cause

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14
Q

complimentary therapies

A

treatment approachs used to complement conventional medical treatments

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15
Q

dermatone

A

area of skin supplied with afference nerve fibers from a single posterior spinal root

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16
Q

efficacy

A

abailty of a drug to achieve its desired effect

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17
Q

nociceptor

A

pheripheral sensory receptpr for pain stimulated by various types of tissue injury

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18
Q

narocitc

A

refer to opiods, controlled substances, illicit drugsm central nervous system depressants, strong analgestivs, and drugs capable of causing physical dependence

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19
Q

neuropathic pain

A

type of pain usually felt as buring or tingling and resulting from direct stimulation of nerve tissue of the peripheral central nervous system

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20
Q

nonsterodial anti infalmmatory drug (NSAID)

A

any of a group of drugs that reduce pain, fever, and swelling (inflammation), including aspirin

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21
Q

opioid

A

one of a group of analgesics that act on higher centers of the brain and spinal cord to modify percptions of moderate to severe pain

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22
Q

pain scale

A

assessment too used to rate the severity of pain

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23
Q

pain threshold

A

point at which a person feel pains

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24
Q

pain tolerance

A

level of pain a person is willing to endure

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25
Q

paratheisa

A

abnormal burning, prickling, tingling, or numbing senstation or hypersensitivity most often felt in the extremities and typically associated with neuropathic pain

26
Q

physcial dependence

A

adaptive characterized by a drug call-specific withdrawl syndrome induced with abrupt cessation, rapid dose, or administration of an antagonist

27
Q

progressive muscle relxation

A

systematic stepwise approach to releasing tension in major muscle groups

28
Q

somatic pain

A

generally well-localized pain that results from activation of peripheral pain receptors without injury to peripheral nerve or central nervous system, such as muscuolskeltal pain

29
Q

spinal anesthesia

A

the medication injected via a catheter into the space between the dura mater and the lining of the spinal canal to create a regional nerve block also called epidural anesthesia

30
Q

titatration

A

process of gradually adjusting the dose of a medication until the desired effect is achieved

31
Q

tolerance

A

an adaptive state characterized by a decreasing response to repeated constant doses of a drug or the need for increasing doses to maintain a constant response

32
Q

transmission

A

spreading of the pain “message” across the various nerve fibers linking the pain impulse to the brain

33
Q

visceral pain

A

results from activating the pain recports of organs in the thoracic cavity, pelvic, abdominal cavities and is felt as a generalized aching or cramping sensation sometimes referred to the surface of the body

34
Q

stoic

A

dont want to report pain

35
Q

tools for cultural influences on pain

A
  • use pain assessment tools appropriate for a clients native language
  • interpreting services
  • sensitive to the meaning of pain
36
Q

what is perception of pain influneces by

A

pt. previous experiences with pain and current physical and mental status and response

37
Q

congintive factors on pain perception

A
  • attention people give to the pian
  • expectation or anticipation pf pain
  • appraisal or expression of pain
38
Q

cultural factors on pain perception

A

cultural influences may affect how pain is communicated

39
Q

examination of cultural influences of pain

A

advoid sterotyping
examine your own culutural beliefs
explore any foke remedies

40
Q

types of pain: acute pain

A

recent onset
results from tissue damage
usually self limiting and sends when tissue heals
may use physiological signs associated with pain

41
Q

types of pain: chronic

A

may be intermittent or continuous pain lasting more than 6 months

42
Q

clinical manifestations of chronic pain

A

not those of physiological stress because pateint adapts to pain, but often reports symptoms of irritability, depression, withdrawal or insomnia

43
Q

types of pain: neuropathic pain

A

occurs because of abnormal processing of sensory input

44
Q

types of pain: referred pain

A

pain felt in a location from the injury often visceral pain, as many adomincal organs have no pain receptors

45
Q

phantom pain

A

pain felt in aputated extremity

46
Q

be aware of cultural influeneces of pain

A

overt pain expression
stoicism
silecne
smiling

47
Q

realted symptoms to pain

A 
palpitations
shortness of breath
sweating
rapid or irregular heartbeat
nausea or vomiting
48
Q

pqrst mnemonic

A 
provoked
quality
region/radiation
severity 
timming
49
Q

provoked

A

what causes pain? what makes it better or worse

50
Q

quality

A

what does it feel like? dull? sharp? stabbibg? burning? crushing?

51
Q

region/radiation

A

where is the pian? is it always only in that spot or does it spread?

52
Q

severity

A

what us the intensity of pian? (use a pain scale)

53
Q

timming

A

when did it start? how often does it occur? how long does it last or is it continuous?

54
Q

how does pian tolerance decrease

A

with repeated exposure to pain, fatigue, anger, boredom, and sleep depreivation

55
Q

how does tolerance increase?

A

after alcohol consumption, medications, hyponsis, warmth, distracting activities, and strong faith- related beliefs

56
Q

pain scales

A
  • many developed
  • helps ensure consistency among caregivers in determining the intensity of a pt. pain
  • use right scale for age group
  • ask pt. to rate pain
57
Q

determning pain intensity

A
  • not always safe to reley only on a #

- other aspects of communication about pain is crucial

58
Q

pain scale meanings

A

0-1= no pain
1-3=mild pain
4-6= moderate pain
7-10= severe pain

59
Q

alternative methods to pain relief

A

massage, mind-body medicine

lifestyle changes

60
Q

age

A

older adults have a lifetime of experience in coping with pain, but pain is not an expected part of aging

health assessment exam 2 (5 decks)

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