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health assessment exam 2 > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

causes of pain

A

oxygenation
perfusion
metabolism
tissue integrity

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2
Q

effect of pain

A 
elimination
nutrition 
sexuality
motion
sleep
development
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3
Q

margo mccaffery

A

pain is subjective, unpleasant snesation that exists when the person is experiencing it says it exists, and whose quality and severity can only be determined by the person reporting it

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4
Q

myths about pain

A
  • there are objective and universally applicable ways to confirm the existence of pain
  • that people with a history of substance abuse exaggerate their pain to get more medications
  • that pain occurs on a regular schedule when analgesics are due to be administered
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5
Q

acute pain

A

discomfort or physical distress signaling actualy or potential damage and characterized by an identifiable cause , a short duration, resolution with healing, and few long term emotional consequences
- hits hard not forever

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6
Q

addicition

A

refering to a drug addiction: a dependence phenomenon characterized by impaired control over drug use, compulisve use, continued use despite, and craving

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7
Q

adjuvant analgesia

A

drug primarily used to treat something other than pain but also enhances pain refief

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8
Q

alternative therapies

A

treatment approcaches, used to replace conventional treatments, which are not currently considered part of conventional western med

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9
Q

analgesia

A

absence of sensisitivty to pain

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10
Q

analgesic

A

substance used as a pain reliever; a drug that acts to reduce pain, including over the counter drugs such as aspirin as well as those available by prescription only

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11
Q

analgestic ceiling

A

dose of a particiular drug beyond which additional amount of the same drug do not increase the analgestic effect

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12
Q

breakthrough pain

A

flaring of moderate to severe pain despite therapeutic doses of analgesics

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13
Q

chronic pain

A

feelig of physical distress or discomfort that persists over a long period of time and does not always have an identifiable cause

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14
Q

complimentary therapies

A

treatment approachs used to complement conventional medical treatments

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15
Q

dermatone

A

area of skin supplied with afference nerve fibers from a single posterior spinal root

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16
Q

efficacy

A

abailty of a drug to achieve its desired effect

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17
Q

nociceptor

A

pheripheral sensory receptpr for pain stimulated by various types of tissue injury

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18
Q

narocitc

A

refer to opiods, controlled substances, illicit drugsm central nervous system depressants, strong analgestivs, and drugs capable of causing physical dependence

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19
Q

neuropathic pain

A

type of pain usually felt as buring or tingling and resulting from direct stimulation of nerve tissue of the peripheral central nervous system

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20
Q

nonsterodial anti infalmmatory drug (NSAID)

A

any of a group of drugs that reduce pain, fever, and swelling (inflammation), including aspirin

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21
Q

opioid

A

one of a group of analgesics that act on higher centers of the brain and spinal cord to modify percptions of moderate to severe pain

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22
Q

pain scale

A

assessment too used to rate the severity of pain

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23
Q

pain threshold

A

point at which a person feel pains

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24
Q

pain tolerance

A

level of pain a person is willing to endure

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25
paratheisa
abnormal burning, prickling, tingling, or numbing senstation or hypersensitivity most often felt in the extremities and typically associated with neuropathic pain
26
physcial dependence
adaptive characterized by a drug call-specific withdrawl syndrome induced with abrupt cessation, rapid dose, or administration of an antagonist
27
progressive muscle relxation
systematic stepwise approach to releasing tension in major muscle groups
28
somatic pain
generally well-localized pain that results from activation of peripheral pain receptors without injury to peripheral nerve or central nervous system, such as muscuolskeltal pain
29
spinal anesthesia
the medication injected via a catheter into the space between the dura mater and the lining of the spinal canal to create a regional nerve block also called epidural anesthesia
30
titatration
process of gradually adjusting the dose of a medication until the desired effect is achieved
31
tolerance
an adaptive state characterized by a decreasing response to repeated constant doses of a drug or the need for increasing doses to maintain a constant response
32
transmission
spreading of the pain "message" across the various nerve fibers linking the pain impulse to the brain
33
visceral pain
results from activating the pain recports of organs in the thoracic cavity, pelvic, abdominal cavities and is felt as a generalized aching or cramping sensation sometimes referred to the surface of the body
34
stoic
dont want to report pain
35
tools for cultural influences on pain
- use pain assessment tools appropriate for a clients native language - interpreting services - sensitive to the meaning of pain
36
what is perception of pain influneces by
pt. previous experiences with pain and current physical and mental status and response
37
congintive factors on pain perception
- attention people give to the pian - expectation or anticipation pf pain - appraisal or expression of pain
38
cultural factors on pain perception
cultural influences may affect how pain is communicated
39
examination of cultural influences of pain
advoid sterotyping examine your own culutural beliefs explore any foke remedies
40
types of pain: acute pain
recent onset results from tissue damage usually self limiting and sends when tissue heals may use physiological signs associated with pain
41
types of pain: chronic
may be intermittent or continuous pain lasting more than 6 months
42
clinical manifestations of chronic pain
not those of physiological stress because pateint adapts to pain, but often reports symptoms of irritability, depression, withdrawal or insomnia
43
types of pain: neuropathic pain
occurs because of abnormal processing of sensory input
44
types of pain: referred pain
pain felt in a location from the injury often visceral pain, as many adomincal organs have no pain receptors
45
phantom pain
pain felt in aputated extremity
46
be aware of cultural influeneces of pain
overt pain expression stoicism silecne smiling
47
realted symptoms to pain
``` palpitations shortness of breath sweating rapid or irregular heartbeat nausea or vomiting ```
48
pqrst mnemonic
``` provoked quality region/radiation severity timming ```
49
provoked
what causes pain? what makes it better or worse
50
quality
what does it feel like? dull? sharp? stabbibg? burning? crushing?
51
region/radiation
where is the pian? is it always only in that spot or does it spread?
52
severity
what us the intensity of pian? (use a pain scale)
53
timming
when did it start? how often does it occur? how long does it last or is it continuous?
54
how does pian tolerance decrease
with repeated exposure to pain, fatigue, anger, boredom, and sleep depreivation
55
how does tolerance increase?
after alcohol consumption, medications, hyponsis, warmth, distracting activities, and strong faith- related beliefs
56
pain scales
- many developed - helps ensure consistency among caregivers in determining the intensity of a pt. pain - use right scale for age group - ask pt. to rate pain
57
determning pain intensity
- not always safe to reley only on a # | - other aspects of communication about pain is crucial
58
pain scale meanings
0-1= no pain 1-3=mild pain 4-6= moderate pain 7-10= severe pain
59
alternative methods to pain relief
massage, mind-body medicine | lifestyle changes
60
age
older adults have a lifetime of experience in coping with pain, but pain is not an expected part of aging

health assessment exam 2 (5 decks)

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