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ICM Exam 2 > Skin, Hair, and Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ROS question for skin, hair, and nails?

A

Any changes with your skin, hair, or nails? Any discolorations, lumps, or rashes?

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2
Q

What’s one important thing when looking comprehensively at the skin?

A

Blisters

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3
Q

What do we look for on inspection of the skin?

A

Color and patterns of color changes

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4
Q

What do we assess a red color for?

A

Oxyhemoglobin and the pallor in its absence

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5
Q

What does pallor result from?

A

Decreased redness in anemia and decreased blood flow seen in fainting or arterial occlusion

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6
Q

Where is central cyanosis best assessed?

A

Lips, oral mucosa, and tongue

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7
Q

What can cause central cyanosis?

A
  1. Advanced lung disease
  2. Congenital heart disease
  3. Hemoglobinopathies
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8
Q

What is cyanosis of the nails, hands, and feet cause by?

A

Peripheral in origin

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9
Q

What simple thing could cause peripheral cyanosis?

A

Anxiety or a cold examining room

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10
Q

What is the cyanosis of HF usually?

A

Peripheral, reflecting deoxygenation with impaired circulation

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11
Q

What should we look for in the sclera?

A

Yellow color of jaundice

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12
Q

What does jaundice suggest?

A

Liver disease or excessive hemolysis

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13
Q

What does NOT affect the sclera?

A

Yellow color that accompanies high levels of carotene (palms, soles, and face)

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14
Q

What are changes in pigmentation caused by?

A

Widespread increase in melanin by Addison’s disease

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15
Q

What is Addison’s?

A

Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex

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16
Q

What does Cafe-Au-Lait Spot suggest?

A

Neurofibromatosis

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17
Q

What is Tinea Versicolor common in?

A

Common superficial fungai infection of the skin

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18
Q

What is Vitiligo?

A

Depigmented macules appear on the face, hands, feet, and other regions

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19
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

Bluish color that is visible on toenails and toes

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20
Q

What is Carotenemia?

A

Yellowish with pink palm but does NOT affect sclera (jaundice does)

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21
Q

What is Erythema?

A

Red hue, increased blood flow

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22
Q

Waht is hellotrope?

A

Violaceous patches over the eyelids in the collaten vascular disease dermatomyositis

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23
Q

Define Lesions

A

Any of various pathological or traumatic changes in bodily organ or tissue, including tumors, ulcers, sores, and wounds

24
Q

What are the 3 basic lesion descriptions?

A
  1. Flat
  2. Solid
  3. Fluid filled
25
Q

What is a scale?

A

A thin flake of dead exfoliated epidermis

26
Q

What is crust?

A

The dried residue of skin exudates such as serum, pus, or blood

27
Q

What is Lichenification?

A

Visible and palpable thickening of epidermis and roughening of the skin

28
Q

What are scars?

A

Increased connective tissue that arises from injury or disease

29
Q

What are keloids?

A

Hypertrophic scarring that extends beyong the borders of the initiating injury

30
Q

What are 3 secondary depressed skin lesions?

A
  1. Erosion
  2. Excoriation
  3. Fissure
31
Q

Erosion

A

Nonscarring loss of the superficial epidermis, surface is moist but does not bleed

32
Q

Excoriation

A

Linear or punctate errosions caused by scratching

33
Q

Fissue

A

A linear crack in the skin often resulting from dryness

34
Q

Ulcer

A

Deeper loss of epidermis and dermis, may bleed or scar

35
Q

Difference between Petechia and Ecchymosis

A

Ecchymosis more purple

36
Q

What is specific about Basal Cell Carcinoma?

A

Grows slowing and almost never metastasizes

37
Q

When does Squamos Cell Carcinoma usually appear?

A

Sun-exposed skin of fair skinned adults older than 60

38
Q

How do we palpate the skin for temp?

A

Backs of fingers

39
Q

Where do we have generalized warmth in fever?

A

Hyperthyroidism (coolness in hypo)

40
Q

What do we note when looking at the hair?

A

Quantity, distribution, and texture

41
Q

Define Alopecia

A

Hair loss (diffuse, patchy, or total)

42
Q

What happens to the hair in hypothyroidism?

A

Sparse hair

43
Q

What happens to the hair in hyperthyroidism?

A

Fine, silky hair

44
Q

What is mobility of the skin?

A

How easily you can lift it

45
Q

What is turor of the skin?

A

How quickly it returns to place

46
Q

What is decreased mobility of the skin seen?

A

Edema

47
Q

When is decreased turgor seen?

A

Dehydration

48
Q

What do we look for in the nails?

A

Color, shape, and any lesions

49
Q

What are 6 things related to nails?

A
  1. Clubbing of the fingers
  2. Terry’s nails
  3. Transverse White Bands (Mee’s Lines)
  4. Transverse Linear Depressions (Beau’s Lines)
  5. Onycholysis
  6. White Spots (leuhonychia)
50
Q

Finger Clubbing

A

Vasodilation, congenital HF

51
Q

Terry’s Nails

A

Decreased vascularity

52
Q

Mee’s Lines

A

Disrupted matrix of proximal nail

53
Q

Beau’s Lines

A

Transverse depressions of nail plates, usually bilateral

54
Q

Onycholysis

A

Trauma from excess manicuring

55
Q

White Spots

A

Nonuniform white spots, could be from excess manicuring

ICM Exam 2 (10 decks)

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