Skin, eyes, ENT Flashcards
Describe the pathophysiology of a varicella zosta virus infection
- transmitted by resp droplets
- incubation 14-21 days
- most infectious 1-2 days before rash appears until blisters have crusted over
- Invades respiratory mucosa, replicates in lymph nodes. Disseminated via mononuclear cells to infect skin epithelial cells
- Leads to virus containing vesicles= chicken pox
- Virus remains dormant in sensory nerve roots
How should chicken pox be managed?
- paracetamol
- keep up hydration
- baths, loose clothing an calamine lotion to ease itching
- let school know
- keep away from pregnant women
- oral acyclovir if complications or at risk of them
Name 5 complications of chicken pox
- Bacterial skin superinfection
- aseptic meningitis
- ramsay hunt syndrome
- encephalitis
- VZV pneumonitis
- transverse myelitis
- cerebellar ataxia
- dehydration
- pericarditis
- purpura fulminans/ DIC
Describe the pathophys of measles
- caused by a paramyxovirus that is spread from person to person through droplets in the air
- infectious for 24 hours before the rash appears, and four days afterwards. - The illness usually lasts about 10 days.
- Once inside your body, the virus multiplies in the back of your throat and lungs before spreading throughout your body, including your respiratory system and the skin
How is measles managed?
- paracetamol
- petroleum jelly around lips to protect their skin
- send to hospital if get any complications
- advise to avoid pregnant women
When are the MMR vaccines given?
at 12 and 40 months of age (before starts school)
Describe the characteristic features of measles
- prodrome
- maculo- papular rash appears on 3rd/ 4 th day spreads from head down
- red spots, slightly raised
- tiny white marks called kopliks spots inside the childs cheek and back of mouth
give 3 complications of measles
- ear infection
- diarrhoea
- pneumonia
- encephalitis
- SSPE
What is mumps and how does it present
- paramyxovirus
- age 5-15 typically
- painful swelling located at side of face (parotid glands)
- testicular swelling and tenderness in some males
- can spread to CSF and cause meningitis
How should measles be managed?
- paracetamol
- plenty of fluids
- cold compress to swollen glands
- soft foods
What is rubella and how does it present
- aka german measles
- red- pink rash starting behind ears spreading to head and neck then abdomen, chest and legs
- petechial lesions on soft palate (forchheimers sign)
How is rubella managed?
- stay off school for 4 days from start of rash
- parents stay of work for 6 days from start of rash
- avoid contact with pregnant for 6 days after start of rash
What happens if a pregnant woman gets rubella?
If she isnt immune she can pass it onto foetus, causing birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome
Other can measles, rubella and chickenpox, name 2 other viral exanthems and the virus that causes them
Roseola infantum (herpes virus B6)- erythematous macules and papules with white halos.
5th disease/ Erythema infantum/ infectiosum (parovirus B19)- slapped cheek, causes myelosurpression and hydrops fetalis
Hand foot and mouth (coxsackie A16)
Describe the CFs of impetigo
- Impetigo usually appears as red sores on the face, especially around a child’s nose and mouth, and on hands and feet. The sores burst and develop honey-colored crusts
- contagious and very dangerous for new born babies
