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micro 3rd year > skin ear eye > Flashcards

skin ear eye Flashcards

1
Q

normal skin flora (2 gram +, 1 gram -, 2 anaerobes, 2 fungi)

A

gram +: strep and micrococcus
gram -: acinetobacter
anaerobes: clostridium and propionibacterium acnes
fungi: malassezia and pityrosporum

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2
Q

bacterial pyoderma

  • common in cats and dogs?
  • most common agent responsible
A
  • second most common skin thing in dogs (after flea allergy), uncommon in cats
  • staphylococcus pseudointermedius
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3
Q

bacterial pyoderma dx

A

CYTOLOGY

  • skin scrape
  • swabs or impressions, acetate tape (intact pustules)
  • biopsy
  • culture, ID and sensitivity test if cytology indicates mixed infection or abx didnt work
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4
Q

bacterial pyoderma tx

A
  • tx underlying trigger

- topicals (chlorehex, ethyl lactate, ticlosan, benzol peroxide) to decrease # and establish homeostasis

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5
Q

fungi pyoderma

-common agents

A

malassezia pachydermatis

dermatophytosis (ringworm)

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6
Q

malassezia pachydermatis is the only spp of yeast that is ____

A

not lipid dependent

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7
Q

malassezia pachydermatis pyoderma dx

A
  • cytology (tape, impression)
  • dermatohistopathology
  • culture
  • allergy test showing hypersensitivity to malassezia
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8
Q

malassezia pachydermatis pyoderma tx

A
  • underlying cause
  • topical with medicated shampoo (ketoconazole, chlorhexidine, miconazole, selenium sulfide)
  • PO with moderate to severe infections: ketoconazole for dogs and fluconazole for cats)
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9
Q

don’t use penicillins for skin stuff because ____

A

narrow gram + spectrum

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10
Q

common agents for dermatophytosis

A

microsporum (mostly canis but also M. gypsum) and trichophyton

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11
Q

wood’s lamp works for that type of ringworm agent

A

microsporum canis

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12
Q

ringworm tx

A
  • cat almost always needs systemic tx, also for unresponsive dogs
  • topical: clip area, topical antifungal, dip
  • PO: long term 4 weeks post resolution
  • tx other pets/people and environment
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13
Q

L-form skin infection

A
  • cell-wall deficient bacteria that is NOT mycoplasma
  • need special L-form medium to culture
  • tx with tetracycline
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14
Q

actinomycosis (+) skin infection

A
  • normal for oral flora that accidently inoculated into tissue
  • causes draining gross ass infection in dogs while it causes pyothorax and SC abscesses in cats
  • abx : Penicillin G
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15
Q

mycobacterium (+) skin infection

-what abx to use as prophylactic tx?

A
  • long term abx needed

- doxycycline should be given prophylactically after penetrating wounds to prevent it

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16
Q

mycobacterium lepraemurium (+) in cat skin

A
  • feline leprosy syndrome that causes many nonpainful raised nodules
  • tx: sx and abx
17
Q

mycobacterium (+) in dog skin

A

-canine leprosy from unspeciated environmental mycobacterium

18
Q

what types of mycobacterium cause reportable tuberculosis?

A
  • M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. avium

- euthanasia

19
Q

what organism is responsible for the plague ? is it reportable ? tx?

A
  • yersinia pestis
  • reportable
  • tx: gentamicin (aminoglycoside)
20
Q

distemper and dog skin

  • what does it cause in the skin ?
  • tx?
  • vx
  • how to prevent it
A
  • canine distemper virus
  • nasal and digital hyperkeratosis
  • tx: supportive
  • prognosis is poor if nasodigital hyperkeratosis already started
  • preventable with VX
21
Q

papillomavirus and the skin

  • what does it look like
  • tx
A
  • benign tumors that can happen really anywhere, many types for different body locations (genital, footpad, oral, etc)
  • tx: regress on its own, sx, azythromycin (macrolide)
22
Q

feline rhinotracheitis virus and the skin

A
  • associated with herpes

- causes a bunch of ulcers

23
Q

feline calicivirus (unenveloped RNA) causes _____ ulcers

A

-oral ulcers

24
Q

feline cowpox (catpox) from orthopoxvirus on the cat skin

A
  • not common

- usually from bite wound that turns into nasty generalized papules

25
Q

rickettsial (-) integumentary infections in the dog skin

A

-rocky mountain spotted fever : macules, ulcers, fever, necrosis

26
Q

Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the skin

A

can cause progressive alopecia and nodules

27
Q

what parasite causes 50% of otitis in cats and 5-10% in dogs

A

Otodectes cynotis

28
Q

normal ear flora (5 +, one -)

A
  • coagulase positive and negative staphalococci (+)
  • bacillus (+)
  • yeast
  • e.coli (-)
  • corynebacterium (+)
  • streptococci (+)
  • micrococcus (+)
29
Q

list 4 bacteria and 3 yeasts that can prevent resolution of otitis

A

-staph. pseudointermedius
-strep
-pseudomonas aeruginosa
-proteus mirabilis
YEAST
-malassezia
-candida
-microsporum

30
Q

pseudomonas and otitis

mostly P. aeruginosa

A
  • hard to get rid of
  • resistant
  • usually chronic
  • painful and nasty
  • needs topical and systemic tx
31
Q

what is the normal flora inside the eye

A

nothing -> sterile

32
Q

normal eye flora (5 +)

A
  • staph
  • micrococcus
  • strep
  • corynebacterium
  • bacillus
33
Q

-anterior uveitis in the cat (3)

A

-FIV, FIP, FeLV

34
Q

-anterior uveitis in the dog

A
  • brucella canis
  • ehrlichia
  • lepto
  • rickettsia
  • blastomyces dermatitidis
35
Q

blepharitis

A
  • rare in cats

- coagulare positive staph, strep in dogs

36
Q

keratitis

A
  • cats: FIP

- dogs: canine adenovirus 1

37
Q

chorioretinitis

A
  • cat: FIP, FIV, CRYPTPCPCCUS NEOFORMANS

- dog: distemper, ehrlichia, rickettsia, blasto, CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

38
Q

conjunctivitis in cats

A

herpes
chlamydia felis
mycoplasma

39
Q

conjunctivitis in dogs

A

distemper, papillomaovirus

–»> b-hemolytic strep and coagulase positive staph !!!!!

micro 3rd year (5 decks)

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