Skin Disorders Flashcards
Which peptides are involved in innate immunity of the skin?
alpha-defensins (hNP1, 2) –found in PMNs & keratinocytes
beta-defensins (hBD1, 2, 3) –anti-microbial
cathelicidin (hCAP-18) –cysteine protease inhib., anti-microbial
psoriasin & RNase7 –anti-fecal gram-neg bacteria
What is the etiologic agent with HPV?
Papovavirus infection
non-enveloped dsDNA virus
What is the etiologic agent with HSV?
Herpesvirus infection (large, enveloped dsDNA virus with icosadeltahedral capsid)
What is the etiologic agent with VZV?
Herpesvirus
smallest genome of human herpes viruses
What is the etiologic agent with impetigo?
beta-hemolytic streptococci
s. pyogenes and s. aureus
What is the etiologic agent with cellulitis?
Infections through breaks in the skin
erysipelas assc’d with s. pyogenes
What is the etiologic agent with syphilis ?
Sexually transmitted
Spirochete treponema pallidum infection
What is the etiologic agent with dermatophyte infections?
Superficial fungal infections from humans, animals, and formites
trichophyton family
What is the etiologic agent with candidiasis?
Mucous membranes and skin infections esp. with diabetes, occulsion, corticosteroids, and broad spectrum antibiotics
esp. candida albicans
What is the etiologic agent with tinea versicolor?
Malassezia furfur infection
What is the etiologic agent with scabies?
Mites, Sarcoptes scabiei: hominis
What is the etiologic agent with a lice infection?
Mites, pediculus humanus
bloodsucking, wingless insect
^ often mistaken for yo’ mama
What is the clinical utility of a Tzanck smear?
Demonstrate nuclear morphology
Check for HSV and VZV
What is the clinical utility of a gram stain?
Check for s. pyogenes in bullae fluid with impetigo
What is the clinical utility of KOH prep?
Enhance visualization of hyphae and yeast
What is the clinical utility of mineral oil for scabies?
Use a small drop of mineral oil on skin to gently scrape off a skin sample to trap mites, eggs, and/or feces in the oil
What are the clinical characteristics of HPV?
Verruca
What are the clinical characteristics of HSV?
Grouped vesicles on an erythematous base
1 - oral
2 - oral and genital
What are the clinical characteristics of VZV?
Varicella - maculopapular lesions “dew drop on rose petal”
Zoster - grouped vesicles on erythematous base along a dermatome
What are the clinical characteristics of impetigo?
Non-bullous: face then extremities, erythematous macule with superficial blister, honey-colored yellow crust
Bullous: superficial, flaccid blister, occasional layered pus
Staphy. scalded skin syndrome = diffuse superficial blisters over large areas of the body
What are the clinical characteristics of cellulits?
ill-defined non-palpable painful erythema on extremities
patients may progress to septicemia
What are the clinical characteristics of syphilis?
papule that breaks down to produce an oval ulcer
non-pruritic papulosquamous lesions with varying scale
nonscarring moth-eaten alopecia
condylomata lata
oral erosions
What are the clinical characteristics of candidiasis?
thrush, diaper rash, vulvovaginitis, balanitis
What are the clinical characteristics of tinea versicolor?
asymptomatic, fawn colored subtly scaly macules that may develop into large patches
What are the clinical characteristics of scabies?
erythematous papules, wavy thread-like gray-white burrows
What are the clinical characteristics of a lice infection?
intense pruritus, erythema, scale, secondary infection