Skin diseases, and Issues Flashcards
Acne Vulgaris
Inflammatory skin disease, usually caused by hormonal issues, bacteria & or certain drugs. Detected visually due to presence of pimples. Treated w/ topical antibacterials and oral antibiotics to reduce bacteria.
Impetigo
A highly contagious staph skin infection of blisters that pop and secrete a honey colored liquid that dries up to form a yellow crust. Staph bacteria is detected by a gram stain, and treatment is cleansing the lesions and antibiotics to get rid of the staph bacteria.
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Varicella (chickenpox) virus, causing bumps and blisters on face and upper body. Cell cultures detect the virus. Treated w/ antivirals for virus, analgesics for pain, and antibiotics if any bumps get infected.
Dermatitis (in general)
Skin inflammation, presents as itchiness, redness, and skin lesions. Detection and treatment will be different based on the type.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
A chronic sebaceous gland disease, presents as itchy, scaly and red skin eruptions on many areas of the body, especially on the scalp. Treated w/ shampoo and hydrocortisone cream.
Contact Dermatitis
Skin inflammation caused by contact w/ allergens. Vesicles may be scaly, ooze, itch, burn, sting, swell, or be hot to the touch. Treated by cleaning the affected area and applying Topical corticosteroid lotions/creams
Latex Allergy
A form of contact dermatitis where Latex is the allergen. People w/ existing food allergies are at a higher risk. Presents as itchy skin, swollen lips, nausea , diarrhea, red, swollen eyes and even anaphylactic shock. Blood test can detect latex antibodies. Best treatment is avoiding latex altogether.
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Inflammation of the skin, presents as bumps on different parts of the body that can become very dry, and intensely itch. Topical and oral medications used to stop itching and corticosteroid creams to treat the bumps.
Neurodermatitis
A type of Eczema presents as chronic itching or scaling. Presents as raised, rough, itchy areas of skin that get worse the more you scratch. Corticosteroids, antihistamines, and black seed oil for lesions.
Decubitus Ulcer
Severe Ulcer caused by pressure from being immobilized (usually seen in paralyzed patients). Ulcer is shiny, red, swollen, and blistery. It goes deep down into tissues to the bone, entire area becomes dead skin. Wound is cleaned, dried, and treated w/ antibiotic powder. Surgery is done to remove dead skin, bone etc.
Keratosis Pilaris
A painless skin disorder caused by excess skin failing to shed, presents as skin colored bumps and rough patches. Topical ointments containing ammonium and several different kinds of acids are used to remove the excess keratin buildup. Laser therapy is used in severe cases.
Furuncle (Boil)/Carbuncle (Boils)
Abscess of the hair follicle caused by staph bacteria. Also a symptom of diabetes. Presents as tender, painful lesions that may discharge pus. Treated w/ hot compresses and antibiotic, if severe incision and drainage.
Warts (There are multiple types)
Elevated skin lesions.
Common Warts
Most common kind, dome shaped found on hands. Usually asymptomatic. Treatment is just for removal of warts. Removed w/ lasers, acid, excision, & cryosurgery (freezing them off).
Plantar Warts
Warts on the soles of the feet that look like hard/thick patches. Cause pain when walking. Treatment is just for removal of warts. Removed w/ lasers, acid, excision, & cryosurgery (freezing them off).
Periungual Warts
Warts near and under the finger/toe nails. They affect nail growth. Treatment is just for removal of warts. Removed w/ lasers, acid, excision, & cryosurgery (freezing them off).
Urticaria (Hives)
Inflamed capillaries under the skin caused by allergens (mostly food allergens). Presents as itchy raised wheals on skin. Antihistamines and Hydrocortisone to stop reaction and calamine lotion for itching.
Rosacea
Chronic inflammation causing redness, usually misdiagnosed as acne. Brought on by genetic and environmental factors. Presents as flushing of the face w/ small red pustules, if affecting the eyes causes redness, burning and drying. Treated w/ topical creams, antibiotics, and if severe laser surgery.
Scabies
A skin infection caused by skin mites, presents as intense itching that gets worse at night, detected by a microscope. Treated w/ anti-parasite creams such as permethrin, lindane cream, and crotamiton.
Malignant Melanoma
Skin cancer, caused by abnormal melanocytes. Caused by excessive childhood sun exposure. Treated w/ Chemo and Radiation, removal of any lesions. Must avoid overexposure to sun and UV rays.
Dermatophytosis (Tinea)
Chronic superficial fungal infection (basically athletes foot on different parts of the body).
Different types of dermatophytosis (tinea)
Tinea Capitis - On the head/scalp Tinea Corporis - On the body Tinea Unguium - On the nails Tinea Pedis - On the feet - Athlete's Foot Tinea Cruris - On the groin
Dermatophytosis Symptoms & Treatment
Presents as intense and persistent burning and itching. Possible pain and stinging when inflamed. First have to make the area clean and dry, with loose fitting clothing as not to cause irritation. Treated w/ topical antifungal creams or antifungal meds.
Cold Sores / Fever Blisters
Crusty skin eruptions around mouth, lips, and nose that can itch and burn. Caused by HSV-1 virus. Treated w/ antiviral medications and ointments, Lysine and Vitamin E oil.
