Metabolic Diseases

Question 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 1

Chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, due to lack of insulin production. Type 1, no insulin, hard to manage. Type 2, some insulin, a little easier to manage. Presents as polyuria (excessive urine), glycosuria, polydipsia (excessive thirst), weight loss, hard to heal infections. Treated w/ change in diet, insulin, and medication.

Question 2

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 2

Disorder causing an imbalance of fluid in the body. Presents as polyuria and polydipsia. There’s no cure but treatments can relieve your thirst and decrease your urine output and prevent dehydration. Increased fluid intake, diuretics.

Question 3

Addison Disease

Answer 3

Adrenal insufficiency, cause can be autoimmune, or from infection or cancer. Presents as muscle weakness and pain, weight loss, hypoglycemia, hypotension, hyperkalemia (K+ in blood), dehydration. Treated w/ hormone replacement therapy.

Question 4

Cushing Syndrome

Answer 4

Hypersecretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex. Presents as a round face, a hump on back, impaired glucose tolerance leading to diabetes, muscle weakness, fragility, hypertension, irregular menstruation or ED for males. Treated w/ surgery to remove pituitary gland.

Question 5

Goiter

Answer 5

Enlargement or Hyperplasia of thyroid gland, presents as a nodule or a mass on front of neck. There are 4 types, endemic- insufficient iodine, sporadic - certain food/drugs, Simple - most common in women during pregnancy/menopause. Treated w/ dietary supplements and surgery in severe cases.

Question 6

Prostatitis

Answer 6

Inflammation of prostate gland, can be bacterial or not, presents as low back pain, fever, dysuria, hematuria, urinary frequency, enlargement of prostate. Treated w/ antibiotics for infection, increased fluids, analgesics.

Question 7

Epididymitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the epididymis due to infection, can be the result of prostatitis. Presents with epididymis becoming large/tender, groin tenderness, fever, malaise, blood and discharge from penis. Treated w/ antibiotics to clear infection.

Question 8

Testicular Cancer

Answer 8

Malignant neoplasm of a testis. smooth, firm, painless mass of varying size in testicles. Treated w/ surgery, radiation and chemo.

Question 9

Prostatic Cancer

Answer 9

Malignant neoplasm of prostate tissue, caused genetics, being around chemical agents. Presents as dysuria, polyuria, lower back pain, hematuria, weight loss, lethargic, Treated w/ chemical castration.

Question 10

Endometriosis

Answer 10

Growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside endometrium. Presents as Dysmenorrhea, pain in groin/vagina and lower back, heavy menses, infertility. Treated by relieving pain/discomfort with pain medications, birth control, laparoscopy, and in severe cases hysterectomy.

Question 11

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Answer 11

Chronic infection(s) of reproductive organs. Usually caused by STD organisms, presents as pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, dysplasia. Treated w/ antibiotics, analgesics, and surgery to drain/remove any abscesses in the reproductive organs.

Question 12

Ovarian Cancer

Answer 12

Cancer in ovaries caused by genetics, infertility. Presents as urinary urgency, pelvic pain/pressure, loss of appetite, low energy, changes in menstruation. Treated w/ chemo/radiation first, then surgery if still present.

Question 13

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Answer 13

Numerous cysts in ovaried disrupt menstrual cycle causing infertility. Presents as menorrhea (irregular menses). Treated w. medications to regulate menstrual cycle. exercise and diet to promote weight loss.