Skin Diseases and Ailments Flashcards
• a skin condition characterized by areas of dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases
• affected skin can become thickened
• often affects armpits, groin and neck
acanthosis nigricans
• a common human skin disease, characterized by areas of skin with seborrhea (scaly red skin), comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules (pinheads), pustules (pimples), nodules (large papules) and possibly scarring
acne vulgaris (or cystic acne)
• bluish discoloration of extremities which is typically symmetrical
• marked by a mottled blue or red discoloration of the skin on the fingers and wrists and the toes and ankles
acrocyanosis
• also called “solar keratosis” and “senile keratosis”
• a premalignant condition of thick, scaly, or crusty patches of skin
• more common in fair-skinned people
• associated with those who are frequently exposed to the sun, as it is usually accompanied by solar damage
actinic keratosis
• called primary adrenal insufficiency; adrenal glands don’t make enough cortisol, or less often, aldosterone
• manifestation on skin: blotchy, dark tanning and freckles which usually occur on forehead, knees, elbows, and along scars, skin folds, and creases, i.e. on palms and may appear also on gums
Addison’s disease
• also called facial angiofibromas
• facial rash that appears as a spread of small pink or red spots across the cheeks and nose in a butterfly distribution
• usually symmetrical and most commonly occur in the nasolabial folds
adenoma sebaceum
• an inherited disease characterized by a substantially lower rate of melanin production, characterized by complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes.
albinism
• also known as a canker sore; a type of mouth ulcer that presents as a painful open sore inside the mouth or upper throat characterized by a break in the mucous membrane
aphthous ulcer
• an acute, highly contagious infection of the superficial layers of the
epidermis primarily caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus
impetigo
• occurs on intact skin of intertriginous areas such as the neck, the axillary and crural folds, and the diaper area, but may appear on the face or anywhere on the body
• characterized by vesicles that rapidly progress to small or large (usually less than 3 cm), superficial, thin-roofed, flaccid, and transparent bullae containing clear, yellow fluid that subsequently turns cloudy and dark yellow, which rupture easily, leaving a rim of scale around an erythematous moist base
bullous impetigo
• an abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin
carbuncle
• a noncancerous (benign) skin growth made up of blood vessels
• appears as smooth, cherry-red bump on the skin, usually on the trunk of the body, but can occur nearly anywhere
cherry angioma
• a red, itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it
contact dermatitis
• skin lesion in which a cone-shaped protuberance arises on the skin caused by overgrowth of the epidermis
cutaneous horn
• also called fibroepithelial polyp, acrochordon, cutaneous papilloma, and soft fibroma
• benign (noncancerous), painless skin growths resembling a small, soft balloon suspended on a slender stalk
• can vary in number from one to hundred
cutaneous tag (skin tag)
• hard papules (rounded bumps) that may appear in a variety of colors, usually brownish to tan. Although typical dermatofibromas cause little or no discomfort, itching and tenderness can occur.
dermatofibroma
• a form of dermatitis, or inflammation of the epidermis
• characterized by tiny blisters (vesicles) that can weep and ooze, eventually producing crusted, thickened plaques of skin
eczema
• also called sebaceous, keratin, or epithelial cysts
• small, hard lumps that develop under the skin
epidermoid cyst
• a widespread nonspecific skin rash, commonly characterized by generalized eruption of erythematous macules and papular lesions.
exanthema
• a common skin condition in which hair follicles become inflamed
• usually caused by a bacterial or fungal infection
• may look like small red bumps or white-headed pimples around hair follicles at first, then infection can spread and turn into nonhealing, crusty sore
folliculitis
• also called a boil; a deep folliculitis
• a tender, dome-shaped skin lesion caused by an infection around a hair follicle with Staphylococcus aureus
• starts as a red lump that may be tender and rapidly fills with pus; may burst as it grows
furuncle
• noncancerous growths of blood vessels
• most common growths or tumors in children
• usually grow for a period of time and then subside without treatment
hemangioma
• an infection that is caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)
• can affect the mouth (oral herpes) or face, genitals, buttocks, or anal area (genital herpes)
• sores appear near the area where the virus has entered the body, then turn into blisters, become itchy and painful, and then heal
Herpes simplex
• a painful skin rash caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox
Herpes zoster (shingles)
• a condition of unwanted, male-pattern hair growth in women
• results in excessive amounts of dark, course hair on body areas where men typically grow hair — face, chest and back
hirsutism
• a highly contagious bacterial skin infection most common among pre-school children
impetigo
• a cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat, in lymph nodes, or in other organs
Kaposi’s sarcoma
• a chronic mucocutaneous disease that affects the skin, tongue, and oral mucosa
• presents itself in the form of papules, lesions, or rashes
lichen planus
• a benign tumor composed of adipose tissue
lipoma
• also known as “solar lentigo,” “lentigo senilis,” “old age spot,” “senile freckle”)
• characterized by blemishes on the skin associated with aging and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun
• blemishes vary in size and usually appear on the face, hands, shoulders and arms — areas most exposed to the sun
liver spots
• an autoimmune disease - the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue
• can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs
• dermatologic manifestations include hair loss and red butterfly rash on the face
lupus erythematosus/systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• a type of cancer that develops from melanocytes
• typically occur in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye
malignant melanoma
• a serious form of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes
• more dangerous than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), because of its ability to spread to other organs more rapidly if not treated at an early stage
melanoma
• skin infection caused by a virus of the same name
• produces benign, raised painless lesions on the upper layers of your skin
• resolve without treatment
molluscum contagiosum
• a rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes
pemphigus
• a small (1-2mm) red or purple spot on the body, caused by a minor hemorrhage (broken capillary blood vessels)
petechiae
• a viral rash which lasts about 6–12 weeks
• characterised by a herald patch followed by similar, smaller oval red patches that are located mainly on the chest and back
pityriasis rosea
• a rare cutaneous disorder of unknown etiology
• encompasses a spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from acute papular lesions to small, scaling, benign-appearing papules
pityriasis lichennoides
• a type of eczema which affects the hands and feet, causing tiny blisters and irritation
pompholyx
• a vascular anomaly consisting of superficial and deep dilated capillaries in the skin, which produces reddish to purplish discoloration of the skin
port wine stain
• an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin; a chronic disease; comes and goes
• occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cell, causing them to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin.
• The extra skin cells form scales and red patches that are itchy and sometimes painful.
psoriasis
• a common, benign growth that often appears as a rapidly growing, bleeding bump on the skin or inside the mouth
• composed of blood vessels and may occur at the site of minor injury
pyogenic granuloma
• purple-colored spots and patches that occur on the skin, and in mucus membranes, including the lining of the mouth
purpura
• also called German measles or three-day measles
• a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash
Rubella
• small, noncancerous lump or bump under the skin
• most often found on the face, neck, upper back, and upper chest, but can also occur on other sites of the body
sebaceous cyst
• one of the most common noncancerous skin growths in older adults
• usually appears as a brown, black or light tan growth with a waxy, scaly, and slightly elevated appearance on the face, chest, shoulders or back
seborrheic keratosis
• second most common form of skin cancer which is failry slow-growing
• usually found on areas of the body damaged by UV rays from the sun or tanning beds such as head, neck, ears, lips, arms, legs, and hands
• look like scaly red patches, open sores, warts or elevated growths with a central depression; they may crust or bleed
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
• a slowly developing type of infective endocarditis — an infection of the endocardium
• Most patients present with a fever that lasts several days to 2 weeks; nonspecific symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, joint pain, diarrhea, and abdominal or flank pain; dermatologic manifestation: skin rashes
subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
• “ringworm of the hair”, “ringworm of the scalp”, “scalp ringworm”, and “tinea tonsurans”
• a cutaneous fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the scalp
Tinea capitis
• commonly referred to as hives
• a kind of skin rash notable for pale red, raised, itchy bumps frequently caused by allergic reactions
urticaria
• a disease in which the pigment cells of the skin, melanocytes, are destroyed in certain areas resulting to loss of skin color in the form of depigmented, or white, patches of skin in any location on the body
vitiligo
• generally a small, rough growth, typically on a human’s hands or feet but often other locations, that can resemble a cauliflower or a solid blister
• CAUSE: viral infection, specifically by one of the many types of human papillomavirus
wart
