Eye Assessment

Question 1

Ophthalmologic Examination

Answer 1

1. Visual Acuity
2. Gross Examination
3. Extraocular Muscle Movement
4. Tonometry
5. Fundoscopy

Question 2

• Patient evaluation should always begin with _____________
• It measures central visual function
• Assesses the integrity of optical media, macular area, and its neural elements
• Tests are done for both distance and near

Answer 2

visual acuity assessment

Question 3

• Tests visual acuity in the non-accommodated state
• Makes use of Snellen’s chart
• Test distance of 6 meters
• Each eye is tested one at a time

Answer 3

A. Distance vision test

Question 4

• __________ test may be done to detect errors of refracti

Answer 4

Pinhole

Question 5

• tests visual acuity in the accommodated state
• makes use of Jaeger’s chart
• test distance is 35 mm.
• may test both eyes at same time
• usually done on patients >35 years

Answer 5

B. Near vision test

Question 6

• Involves the gross inspection, and at times palpation of the external eye and its adnexa
• Anatomical relationships, size and symmetry should be carefully observed
• Familiarity with normal dimensions

Answer 6

2. Gross Examination

Question 7

2. Gross Examination

• position of globe in relation to (1) _______ and _______
• position of (2) __________
• physical signs: e.g. (3) __________
• (4) __________ light reflex
• (5) __________ reaction to light

Answer 7

(1) lids / lid aperture
(2) lids and lashes
(3) mass, redness, discharge, opacities
(4) corneal
(5) pupillary

Question 8

3. Extraocular Muscle Movement
   A. Duction
   • tests for (1) ______ cardinal directions of gaze, one eye at a time
   • tests for (2) ______ and ______ muscle function
   • (3) _________________________

Answer 8

(1) 6
(2) synergist / antagonist
(3) Sherrington’s Law of Reciprocal Innervation

Question 9

3. Extraocular Muscle Movement
   B. Version
   • (1) ____________ of eyes from a primary position to a secondary position (6 cardinal positions)
   • test for (2) _______ muscles (muscles responsible for directing eyes)
   • (3) ______________________

Answer 9

(1) simultaneous movement
(2) yoke
(3) Hering’s Law of Equal Innervation

Question 10

• Measurement of intraocular pressure
• It is an indirect measure of the aqueous fluid dynamics of the eye
• Used in evaluation of glaucoma, ocular inflammation, injuries to the eye from trauma

Answer 10

4. Tonometry

Question 11

• Do not do _______________ in suspected penetrating injuries of the eye.

Answer 11

palpation tonometry

Question 12

• Direct inspection of the retina, optic nerve and choroid
• Use of a direct ophthalmoscope
• The direct examination of the ocular fundus may aid in the diagnosis of a primary ocular problem or give a clue to the early diagnosis of a systemic disease

Answer 12

5. Fundoscopy