Cultural Considerations Flashcards
Combination of knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors that often are specific to racial , ethnic, geographic, social or religious groups (NIH, 2013)
Culture
“The totality of socially transmitted behavioral patterns, arts, beliefs, values, customs, life ways, and all other products of human work and thought characteristic of a population or people that guide their worldview and decision making.”
Purnell and Paulanka
Composed of all _______ and _______ that transmit meaning.
verbal / behavioral systems
Culture serves as an _________ for interpreting information and understanding how the world works.
ever-changing frame
The culture defines (1) _______ (learned beliefs about what is held to be good or bad) and (2) _______ (learned behaviors that are perceived
(1) values
(2) norms
It is transmitted from one generation to the next through socialization. It is learned through life experiences within one’s own cultural group and as one experiences contact with other cultural groups.
CULTURE IS LEARNED
Norms for behavior, values and beliefs are _______ by the cultural group to a great extent because of this sharing and interaction it forms the cultural group.
CULTURE IS SHARED
As environmental circumstances change, the group changes to improve its ability to survive or to make maximal use of the environment in which it lives. Culture is, therefore, ever changing.
CULTURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT
Cultures may vary but humans cannot exist without culture.
CULTURE IS UNIVERSAL
Dress, art, utensils, and tools and the way they are used.
MATERIAL CULTURE
Verbal and nonverbal language, beliefs, customs, and social structures.
NONMATERIAL CULTURE
National, racial, or ethnic groups.
MACROCULTURE
Age, gender, or religious affiliation.
MICROCULTURE
Exist within larger cultural groups. Composed of individuals who have a distinct identity based on occupation, membership in a social group, or heritage, and generational.
SUBCULTURES
The process of adaptation and change that occurs when members of different cultures are exposed to one another (Berry, 2003).
ACCULTURATION
It describes the process of social, cultural, and political integration of a spatial concentration as defined by geography or residential patterns. (Lumen 2018).
ACCULTURATION
Adopting cultural practices of another culture while keeping their original cultural identity.
ACCULTURATION
The adoption and incorporation of characteristics, customs, and values of the dominant culture by those new to that culture (Smokowski et.al., 2009).
ASSIMILATION
Adopting new cultural practices while losing their original cultural identity.
ASSIMILATION
● Perceived to be separate illnesses within certain cultures.
● Typically have both behavioral and physical characteristics.
CULTURE BASED SYNDROMES
(blocked intestines) may be caused by a hot-cold food imbalance, causing a lump of food to stick to the intestinal wall.
Empacho
● Illnesses defined as such by a specific cultural group but interpreted differently or not perceived illnesses by other groups.
CULTURE BOUND SYNDROMES
(soul loss or magical fright) is believed to be caused by shock or fright causing the spirit to leave the body.
Susto
The capacity of nurses or health service delivery systems to effectively understand and plan for the needs of a culturally diverse patient group.
CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Spector (2013) views __________ as a complex combination of knowledge, attitudes, and skills used by healthcare providers to deliver services that attend to the total context of the patient’s situation across cultural boundaries.
cultural competence
★ It is the ability to understand, communicate with and effectively interact with people across cultures.
★ Being aware of one’s own world view. developing positive attitudes towards cultural differences
CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Communication is challenged if the patient doesn’t speak the same language as a nurse or uses the language of the dominant culture.
Communicating with Language Differences
Refers to an individual or group’s orientation in terms of past, present, and future as well as time orientation.
Temporal Relationships
Refers to the roles and relationships that exist within the family.
Family Patterns
The types and the amount of foods that individuals include in the diet is culturally determined.
Dietary Patterns
Health and illness are believed to be controlled supernaturally or are seen as “God’s will.”
Magico-Religious
Consider illness to be caused by germs, viruses, or a breakdown in body processes and functions, and they believe that physiologic human processes can be affected by human intervention.
Biomedical
One holds that human life must be in harmony with nature and that illness results from disharmony between the two.
Holistic
The verbal and nonverbal methods which individuals and groups transmit information.
Communication
Includes spoken and written language.
Verbal
Incorporates gestures, facial expressions, and mannerisms that inform others of emotions, feelings, and responses that occur in interactions with others.
Nonverbal
The process in which the nurse continuously strives to achieve the ability and availability to effectively work within the cultural context of a client individual, family or community (Capinha-Bacote, 1998).
CAMPINHA-BACOTE’S CULTURALLY COMPETENT MODEL OF CARE
The motivation to want to engage in intercultural encounters and to acquire cultural competence.
CULTURAL DESIRE
The starting point of cultural competence.
The nurse must sincerely desire to acquire the cultural knowledge and skill necessary for effectively
assessing the client.
CULTURAL DESIRE
The deliberate, cognitive process in which the healthcare provider becomes appreciative and sensitive to the values, beliefs, life ways, practices and problem-solving strategies of a client’s culture.
CULTURAL AWARENESS
STAGES OF CULTURAL AWARENESS
● __________
● __________
● __________
● __________
● Unconscious Incompetence
● Conscious Incompetence
● Conscious Competence
● Unconscious Competence
Not aware that one lacks cultural knowledge; not aware that cultural differences exist.
Unconscious Incompetence
Aware that one lacks knowledge about another culture; aware that cultural differences exist but not knowing what they are or how to communicate effectively with clients from different cultures
Conscious Incompetence
Consciously learning about the client’s culture and providing culturally relevant interventions; aware of differences; able to have effective transcultural interactions.
Conscious Competence
Able to automatically provide culturally congruent care to clients from a different culture, having much experience with a variety of cultural groups and having an intuitive grasp of how to communicate effectively in transcultural encounters
Unconscious Competence
The process of seeking and obtaining a sound educational foundation concerning the various worldviews of different cultures.
CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE
The client’s worldview is the basis for his behaviours and interpretation of the world.
CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE
The ability to collect relevant cultural data regarding the client’s health history and presenting problems as well as accurately performing physical assessment.
CULTURAL SKILL
The process that allows the healthcare provider to engage directly in face-to-face interactions with clients from culturally diverse backgrounds.
CULTURAL ENCOUNTERS
