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Dermatology > Skin Cancers & Health Maintenance > Flashcards

Skin Cancers & Health Maintenance Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

General Skin Care

A 
Limit bath time
Avoid strong soaps
Shave carefully
Pat dry
Moisturize dry skin
Eat a healthy diet
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2
Q

Hydrating the Skin

A

Emollient immediately after bathing or showering

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3
Q

Best Emollients

A 
Eucerin
Vanicream
Cetaphil
Nutraderm
Aquaphor
Vaseline
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4
Q

Smoking & the Skin

A

Thickened “leathery” skin
Prominent wrinkles
Damages collagen & elastin
Smoking narrows tiny blood vessels

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5
Q

Prevention of Skin Cancer

A

Sunscreen > SPF 30
Wear protective clothing
Schedule activities before 10 AM or after 4 PM
Avoid all tanning activity
Extra caution near water, snow, & sand

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6
Q

Educate on Sunscreen Use

A

Reapply every 2 hours
Reapply after swimming or sweating
Apply 15-20 minutes before sun exposure

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7
Q

Screening & Early Detection of Skin Cancer

A

Inspect moles for changes
Remove suspicious moles
Remove AK & other precancerous lesions

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8
Q

When should someone perform monthly self-exams for screening for sun cancer?

A

Personal history of skin cancer
1st degree family history of skin cancer
Precursor lesions
Sun damaged skin

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9
Q

Types of Skin Cancers

A

Melanoma
BCC
SCC
Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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10
Q

Epidemiology of Melanoma

A

Great majority of skin cancer deaths

Men = Women

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11
Q

Major Risk Factors of Melanoma

A

Fair skin
Episodic intense sun exposure (severe blistering sunburn history)
1st degree family history
Precursor lesions

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12
Q

ABCs of Melanoma

A 
A: asymmetric
B: border irregularity
C: color
D: diameter
E: enlargement or evolutions
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13
Q

7 Point Checklist

A

Major: change in size, color, shape
Minor: inflammation, bleeding or crusting, sensory change, lesion diameter >6 mm

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14
Q

Define Nevus

A

Congenital discoloration of a circumscribed area of the skin due to pigmentation

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15
Q

Define Dysplastic Nevus

A

Nevus which has some malignant characteristics

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16
Q

Define Breslow Thickness

A

Refers to tumor thickness

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17
Q

Define Clark Level

A

Refers to anatomical descriptor of depth of the malignant cells

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18
Q

Subtypes of Melanoma

A

Superficial spreading melanoma
Nodular melanoma
Lentigo maligna melanoma
Acral lentiginous melanoma

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19
Q

Superficial Spreading Melanoma

A

Great prognosis
Men: torso
Women: legs
30-50 years old

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20
Q

Nodular Melanoma

A

Invasive from onset
Poor prognosis
Any site
Diagnosed in 6th decade of life

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21
Q

Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

A

Tendency for H&N
More common >60 years old
Least aggressive of melanomas

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22
Q

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

A

Occurs on palms, soles, sublingual areas, & mucous membranes
More common in darker skin types
Diagnosed at advanced stage
Poor prognosis

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23
Q

Clinical Presentation of Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

A

Longitudinal pigmented streak
Appearance: irregular in shape, develops quickly, widen & darker
Pigmented globules
Refer for biopsy

24
Q

Benign Longitudinal Melanonychia

A 
Pigmented bands
Trauma
Medications
Infections
Other issues
25
Q

Medications That can Cause Benign Longitudinal Melanonychia

A

Minocycline
Chemo
Anti-malarials

26
Q

Infections that can Cause Benign Longitudinal Melanonychia

A

Fungal

27
Q

Other Issues that can Cause Benign Longitudinal Melanonychia

A

Addison’s
B12 deficiency
Hemochromatosis

28
Q

Malignant Longitudinal Melanonychia

A

Solitary

Most frequent: thumb/great toe

29
Q

Define Halo Nevus

A

Pigmented nevus surrounded by de-pigmented zone

30
Q

What is the concerning for the presence of melanoma?

A

Sudden onset of multiple halo nevi

31
Q

Non-cutaneous Melanoma

A

Ocular melanoma

Mucosal melanoma

32
Q

Most Common Location of Ocular Melanoma

A

Choroid

Ciliary body

33
Q

Most Common Location of Mucosal Melanoma

A 
H&N
Vulva & vagina
Anal
Urethra
Esophagus
34
Q

Epidemiology of BCC

A

One of most common malignancies
Incidence increases with age & rising
Common in caucasians
Uncommon in dark-skinned populations

35
Q

Where does BCC arise from?

A

Basal layer of epidermis

DNA damage of keratinocytes

36
Q

Appearance of BCC

A

Translucent/pearly white papule
Telangiectasias
Development of central ulceration

37
Q

Presentation of BCC

A

70% on the face
Majority “nodular”
Also “superficial” & “morpheaform”

38
Q

Treatment of BCC

A 
Surgical excision
Radiation therapy
Electrodessication & curettage
Cryotherapy (superficial BCC)
Topical 5-FU (Efudex): superficial BCC
Imiquimod (Aldara): superficial BCC
39
Q

Prognosis of BCC

A

Most frequent skin cancer
Mets rare
Good prognosis

40
Q

Where does SCC arise from?

A

Malignant proliferation of the keratinocytes of the epidermis

41
Q

Define Bowen’s DIsease

A

SCC in situ

Level following AK

42
Q

Presentation of Invasive SCC

A

Flesh-colored nodule that enlarges & often undergoes ulceration & crusting

43
Q

Treatment of Actinic Keratoses

A 
Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy
Topical: 5-FU, imiquimod (Aldara), TCA
Curettage for hypertrophic lesions
Chemical peels
Laser
Photodynamic therapy
44
Q

Treatment of Non-hypertrophic AK’s

A

Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy

45
Q

Treatment of Hypertrophic AK’s

A

Surgical curettage

46
Q

Treatment of Multiple AK’s

A

Topical 5-FU (Efudex)

Imiquimod (Aldara)

47
Q

Treatment of Bowen’s Disease

A

Surgical excision of the lesion
Cryotherapy
5-FU (Efudex) for 6 weeks under occlusion

48
Q

Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Surgical excision or radiation

49
Q

Define Keratoacanthoma

A

Cutaneous tumor that presents as a dome-shaped nodule with a central keratin-filled crater

50
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) Associated with What Infections

A 
Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
51
Q

4 Forms of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

Classic
Endemic or African
Organ-transplant associated
AIDS related

52
Q

Who is most susceptible for classic Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

Older men of Mediterranean & Jewish origin

53
Q

Who is most susceptible for endemic or African Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

People of equatorial Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa

54
Q

Characteristic Skin Findings of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

Papular
Elliptical along skin tension lines
Multiple colors
Surrounded by yellow halo

55
Q

What does Kaposi’s sarcoma affect?

A

Oral cavity
GI tract
Respiratory tract

56
Q

Local Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A 
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Cryotherapy & laser therapy
Intralesional therapy
Topical therapy: imiquimod
57
Q

Systemic Treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

Chemotherapy

Immunomodulators

Dermatology (13 decks)

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