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Dermatology > Common Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Common Skin Disorders Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Define Acne Vulgaris

A

Inflammation of pilosebaceous units of certain body parts

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2
Q

Clinical Presentation of Acne Vulgaris

A

Lesions on the skin

Pain in lesions Lesions include: comedones, papulopustules, nodules, and cysts

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3
Q

4 Factors Involved in Acne Vulgaris

A

Follicular hyperkeratinization
Increased sebum production
P. acnes within the follicle
Inflammation

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4
Q

Acne Vulgaris Grade I

A

Minimal blackheads

Few papules

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5
Q

Acne Vulgaris Grade II

A

10+ blackheads, papules, & pustules
Redness
Inflammation

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6
Q

Acne Vulgaris Grade III

A

15-20+ blackheads, papules, & pustules
Redness
Inflammation

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7
Q

Acne Vulgaris Grade IV

A

Severe case
Extreme amount of pustules
Extreme edema

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8
Q

Diagnosis of Acne Vulgaris

A

Clinical

Female patients with dysmenorrhea or hirsutism: total/free testosterone, DHEA-S, LH, FSH

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9
Q

Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

A 
OTC
1st line: Topical retinoids
2nd line: Topical antibiotics
Oral therapies
Oral isotretinoin
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10
Q

OTC Treatment for Acne Vulgaris

A

Benzoyl peroxide

Salicylic acid

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11
Q

Topical Retinoid Treatment for Acne Vulgaris

A

1st line
Adapalene (Differin)
Tretinoin (Retin-A)
Tazarotene (Tazorac)

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12
Q

Topical Antibiotic Treatment for Acne Vulgaris

A

2nd line
Clindamycin
Erythromycin

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13
Q

Oral Therapies for Acne Vulgaris

A

Doxycycline

Minocycline (Minocin)

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14
Q

Oral Isotretinoin Treatment for Acne Vulgaris

A

For severe treatment failure
Register in iPLEDGE program
Teratogenic
Monitor: CBC, LFTs, & transaminases

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15
Q

Define Rosacea

A

Chronic acneform disorder of facial pilosebaceous units

Increased reactivity of capillaries to heat

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16
Q

Exacerbating Factors of Rosacea

A 
Hot liquids
Spicy foods
Alcohol
Exposure to sun & heat
Cold
Exercise
Emotions
Menopausal flushing
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17
Q

Clinical Presentation of Rosacea

A

Redness to the cheeks, nose, & chin

Burning or stinging with episodes

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18
Q

4 Types of Rosacea

A

Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
Papulopustular rosacea
Phymatous rosacea
Ocular rosacea

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19
Q

Treatment of Rosacea

A 
Minimize precipitating factors
1st line mild to moderate: topical antibiotics
Moderate to severe: systemic antibiotics
Laser treatment for telangiectasia
Pulsed-light therapy for erythema
Cleansers
Photodynamic therapy
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20
Q

Topical Antibiotics for Rosacea

A 
Azalea Acid
Metronidazole
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Brimonidine
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21
Q

Systemic Antibiotics for Rosacea

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline/Minocycline
Erythromycin

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22
Q

Complications of Rosacea

A

Eye involvement
Gram negative folliculitis
Permanent telangiectasias
Rhinophyma

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23
Q

Define Rhinophyma

A

Soft tissue hypertrophy related to vasodilation

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24
Q

Define Folliculitis

A

Infection of the hair follicles

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25
Q

Common Bugs of Folliculitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas
Yeast: exception

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26
Q

Symptoms of Folliculitis

A

Red pimples with a hair in the center

May itch or burn

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27
Q

Treatment of Folliculitis

A

Warm compresses 3 times daily
Avoid shaving in areas
Topical antibiotics: Mupirocin (Bactroban)

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28
Q

Define Pseudobarbae Folliculitis

A

Razor bumps

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29
Q

How does pseudobarbae folliculitis occur?

A

When free ends of tightly coiled hairs reenter skin & cause a FB inflammatory response

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30
Q

Treatment of Pseudobarbae Folliculitis

A 
Stop shaving
Laser hair removal
Adjunctive medical therapy
Warm compresses
Remove hair with tweezers
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31
Q

Adjunctive Medical Therapy for Pseudobarbae Folliculitis

A

Topical retinoids
Low potency corticosteroids
Topical antimicrobials

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32
Q

Define Furuncles (Boils)

A

Skin abscesses caused by staphylococcal infection of a hair follicle

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33
Q

Define Carbuncles

A

Cluster of furuncles

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34
Q

Common Areas for Furuncles/Carbuncles

A 
Buttocks
Axillae
Neck
Face
Waist
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35
Q

Predisposing Factors for Furuncles/Carbuncles

A 
DM
Malnutrition
Obesity
Hematologic disorders
Hot, humid climates
Occlusion of anatomy
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36
Q

Treatment of Furuncles/Carbuncles

A

Hot compresses
I&D
Packing may be necessary
Systemic antibiotics

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37
Q

Systemic Antibiotics for Furuncles/Carbuncles

A

Bactrim
Clindamycin
Cephalexin (Keflex)

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38
Q

Common Bugs for Impetigo

A

Staph

Strep

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39
Q

Describe Impetigo

A

Red lesions that can break open, ooze

Develop a yellow-brown crust (honey colored)

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40
Q

Where do impetigo sores usually appear?

A

Mouth

Nose

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41
Q

Treatment of Impetigo

A

2% Bactroban ointment or cream

Severe: oral clindamycin or erythromycin

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42
Q

Clinical Characteristics of Junctional Nevi

A

Light brown to nearly black
Usually flat but may be slightly elevated
1-10 mm

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43
Q

Clinical Characteristics of Compound Nevi

A

Light brown to dark brown
May be slightly or considerably elevated
3-6mm

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44
Q

Clinical Characteristics of Intradermal Nevi

A

Flesh-colored to brown
May be smooth, hairy, or warty
Elevated
3-6 mm

45
Q

Clinical Characteristics of Halo Nevi

A

Any type of mole surrounded by a 2-6 mm ring of depigmented skin

46
Q

Clinical Characteristics of Blue Nevi

A

Bluish gray
Usually flat but may be slightly elevated
2-4 mm

47
Q

ABC’s of Biopsies of Moles

A 
A: asymmetry
B: borders
C: color
D: diameter
E: elevated, evolution
48
Q

Treatment of Moles

A

Removed with shaving or excision

49
Q

Describe Solar Lentigos

A

Flat, brown areas of skin that can be up to one inch in diameter
Benign & painless

50
Q

Treatment of Solar Lentigo

A 
Cryotherapy
Tretinoin cream
Hydroquinone cream
Triple combination cream: fluocinolone acetonide, hydroquinone, tretinoin
Bleaching solutions & chemical peels
51
Q

Describe Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Common, multiple, benign skin lesions commonly found on the torso

52
Q

Presentation of Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Well-circumscribed gray-brown-to-black plaques with a “stuck on” appearance
Warty
Often scaly
Hyperpigmented lesion

53
Q

Treatment for Seborrheic Keratosis

A 
Cryotherapy
Curettage & Cautery
Laser surgery
Shave biopsy
Send suspicious looking lesions for pathology
54
Q

Describe Actinic Keratosis (AKs)

A

Rough, dry, scaly patch or growth that forms on the skin

55
Q

Symptoms of Actinic Keratosis (AKs)

A

Rough feeling patch on skin
Rough patch that feels painful when rubbed
Itching or burning
Lips feel constantly dry

56
Q

Causes of Actinic Keratosis

A

Sun exposure

Tanning beds

57
Q

Treatment of Non-hypertropic AKs

A

Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy

58
Q

Treatment of Hypertrophic AKs

A

Surgical curettage: send to path

59
Q

Treatment of Multiple AKs

A

Topical 5-FU (Efudex) or imiquimod (Aldara)

60
Q

Describe Melasma (Pregnancy Mask)

A

Tan or brown patches on the cheeks, nose, forehead, & chin

61
Q

Triggers of Melasma (Pregnancy Mask)

A

Sun exposure
Change in hormones
Cosmetics

62
Q

Diagnosis of Melasma (Pregnancy Mask)

A

Clinical

Biopsy

63
Q

Treatment of Melasma

A

Self-limiting
1st: hydroquinone
2nd: tretinion & steroids
Micro-dermabrasions

64
Q

Different Types of Tinea

A 
Capitis
Corporis
Pedis
Cruris
Versicolor
65
Q

Define Tinea Capitis

A

Round patches of dry scale, alopecia, or both

66
Q

Diagnosis of Tinea Capitis

A

Clinical
Wet mount
Woods lamp

67
Q

Treatment of Tinea Capitis

A

Griseofulvin (kids)
Terbinafine (adults)
Selenium sulfide shampoo

68
Q

Define Tinea Corporis

A

Pink-to-red O-shaped patches & plaques

69
Q

Treatment of Tinea Corporis

A

Mild to moderate: imidazole

Extensive or resistant: oral itraconazole

70
Q

4 Forms of Tinea Pedis

A

Chronic hyperkeratotic
Chronic intertriginous
Acute ulcerative
Vesiculobullous

71
Q

Distribution of Chronic Hyperkeratotic Tinea Pedis

A

In a moccasin distribution

72
Q

Define Chronic Intertriginous Tinea Pedis

A

Lateral 3 toes most common

73
Q

Describe Acute Ulcerative

A

Toes 4 & 5 and into the arch

74
Q

Describe Vesiculobullous Tinea Pedis

A

Vessels/blisters on the soles

75
Q

Treatment of Tinea Pedis

A

Itraconazole (antifungal)
Miconazole powder
Burrow solution soaks

76
Q

Risk Factors for Tinea Cruris

A

Warm weather
Wet restrictive clothing
Obesity

77
Q

Describe Tinea Cruris

A

Pruritic ringed lesions that extend from crural fold over adjacent upper thigh

78
Q

Treatment of Tinea Cruris

A

Clotrimazole

Ketoconazole

79
Q

Describe Tinea Versicolor

A

Multiple asymptomatic scaly patches varying in color

80
Q

Risk Factors for Tinea Versicolor

A

Heat & humidity
Pregnancy
DM
Undernutrition

81
Q

Presentation of Tinea Versicolor

A

Asymptomatic

Appearance of multiple tan, brown, salmon, pink, or white scaling patches

82
Q

Diagnosis of Tinea Versicolor

A

KOH wet mount

Woods lamp

83
Q

Treatment of Tinea Versicolor

A

Topical antifungals

Oral antifungals

84
Q

Topical Anti-fungals for Treatment of Tinea Versicolor

A

Selenium sulfide shampoo

Ketoconazole

85
Q

Oral Anti-fungals for Treatment of Tinea Versicolor

A

Ketoconazole

Fluconazole

86
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Tinea Overall

A

Pruritis
Annular, scaly plaques with raised erythematous edges
Central Clearing

87
Q

Labs for Tinea Overall

A

KOH wet mount
Wood’s lamp
Culture

88
Q

What is found with a wood’s lamp for tinea?

A

Brilliant silver-blue fluorescence of infected hair

89
Q

Presentation of Fifth’s Disease

A

Bright red raised rash on the face, then arms, legs, and trunk
Flu-like symptoms

90
Q

Treatment for Fifth’s Disease

A

NSAIDs

91
Q

Complications of Fifth’s Disease

A

Pregnancy: baby severe anemia & miscarriage or stillbirth

92
Q

Presentation of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

A

Fever
Painful mouth sores
Non-pruritic rash with blisters

93
Q

How does hand-foot-mouth disease spread?

A

Coughing

Sneezing

94
Q

Treatment for Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

A

Ibuprofen or acetaminophen

Fluids

95
Q

Scarlatina (Scarlet Fever) Rash

A

Fine, red, & rough-textured
12-48 hours after the fever (blanches with pressure)
Starts on the chest, armpits, & behind the ears
Spares the face
Swollen red tongue (strawberry tongue)

96
Q

If Scarlatina (scarlet fever) is left untreated, what disease may occur?

A

Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
Meningitis
Pneumonia

97
Q

Treatment of Scarlatina (Scarlet Fever)

A

1st: Penicillin
2nd: first-generation cephalosporin
Penicillin allergy: clindamycin, erythromycin

98
Q

Symptoms of Roseola

A

Respiratory illness
High fever for 3-5 days
Rash: small, pink, flat, or slightly raised bumps on the trunk (then extremities)

99
Q

Treatment of Roseola

A

Supportive

100
Q

Describe Heat Rash (Miliaria)

A

Small red or pink pimples

101
Q

Location of Heat Rash (Miliaria)

A 
Infants head, neck, shoulders
Groin
Underneath the breasts
Creases of elbow
Armpits
102
Q

Treatment of Heat Rash (Miliaria)

A 
Keep skin cool & dry
Cool down
Dry off
Reduce friction
Treat fever
103
Q

Define Skin Tag

A

Small flap of fresh-colored or slightly darker tissue that hangs off the skin by a connecting stalk

104
Q

Common Areas for Skin Tags

A 
Neck
Chest
Back
Armpits
Under the breasts
In the groin area
105
Q

Treatment for Skin Tags

A

Removal by cutting or cryotherapy

106
Q

Define Corns

A

Central hard core that is painful if lesion is pressed

107
Q

Prevention of Corns & Callouses

A

Eliminate Friction & pressure via:
Shoes that fit correctly & distribute pressure evenly
Softer shoe material

108
Q

Treatment of Corns & Callouses

A

Paring down of hyperkeratotic lesions with a scalpel
Keratolytic agents can be used intermittently
Pumice stone

Dermatology (13 decks)

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