Skin Cancers Flashcards
Skin Cancers (2)
Malignant Melanoma (MM) Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC)
Primary prevention for skin cancers
Reduce exposure to sunlight, avoid sun tanning
Secondary prevention for skin cancers
1) Educate pts on skin changes and skin cancer
2) Total body skin exam
3) Importance of communicating with dermatologist for early dx and tx
4) Attend free community yearly skin assessment by dermatologists
Tertiary prevention for skin cancer
Sunscreen Retinoids Antioxidants Beta carotene Vitamin C, E Dietary modifications Complementary therapies Reduction of immunosuppressive burden (discuss changes to regimen after transplant)
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers (2)
Basal Cell skin cancer
Squamous Cell skin cancer
Basal cell skin cancer =
Malignant transformation of non-keratinizing cells in basal layer of epidermis
Locally invasive, rarely metastasizes
Squamous cell skin cancer =
Malignant transformation of keratinocytes arising in epidermis on skin or mucous membranes
Spreads rapidly within dermis and invades other tissues
Most common type of skin cancer in US
Basal Cell Skin Cancer
Risk factors for Non Melanoma Skin Cancers
- UV (natural or artificial)
- Light hair, Eye color (burn easily, difficult to tan)
- North European ancestry
- Arsenic (wells, insecticides, medical)
- Lesions (actinic keratosis)
- Radiation
- Chronic inflammatory skin conditions
- Complications of burns, scars, tattoos
- Cigarette, pipe smoking
- Genetics (xeroderma pigmentosum, bazex-dupre-christol syndrome, p53 mutations, basal cell nevus syndrome)
- Fam hx of NMSC in first degree relative
- Immunosupression (transplants)
- Infections (HPV)
NMSC Treatment (6)
1) Topical Chemotherapy
2) Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
3) Surgical Intervention
4) Laser Treatment
5) Radiation Therapy
6) Systemic Therapies
NMSC Topical Chemotherapy and RT
Imiquimod
Fluorouracil
Intensity modulated RT
Adjuvant RT
NMSC Photodynamic Therapy and Laser Treatment
Red light photodynamic therapy
CO2 laser for BCC
NMSC Surgical Intervention
- Cryosurgery: freeze temp to destroy tissue
- Curettage and electrodessication: use of heat to cut tissue
- Excision with postop margin assessment
- Mohs surgery (thin slices until clear margins)
NMSC Systemic Therapies
Capecitabine and Cisplatin for metastatic SCC
Intralesional interferon investigational
Prognosis of BCC
- Does not really metastasize
- Timely diagnosis and tx is key