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Dermatology > skin cancer > Flashcards

skin cancer Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

2 types of non-melanoma skin cancer?

A

basal cell cancer (BCC)

Squamous cell cancer (SCC)

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2
Q

most common NMSC?

A

BCCs

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3
Q

4 risk factors for NMSC?

A

UV radiation
photochemotherapy (PUVA)
HPV
immunosuppression

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4
Q

3 features of BCC?

A

slow growing
locally invasive
rarely metastatic

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5
Q

presentation of nodular BCC - 3 features?

A

pearly rolled edge

telangiectasia

central ulceration

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6
Q

telangiectasia?

A

widened venules (tiny blood vessels) cause threadlike red lines/patterns on the skin

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7
Q

describe appearance of superficial BCC?

A

usually red,
sometimes raised,
can be crusty,
~1cm

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8
Q

describe appearance of pigmented BCC?

A

looks like black spot

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9
Q

describe appearance of morphoeic BCC?

A

looks like white burn/scar

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10
Q

gold standard treatment of BCCs?

A

excision - ellipse with a rim of unaffected skin

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11
Q

1 adv and 1 disadv to gold standard treatment of BCC?

A

adv - curative if fully excised

disadv - scarring

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12
Q

2 other treatments of BCCs?

A

curettage

imiquimod

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13
Q

what is Mohs surgery?

A

surgicaltechnique where thin layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively removed and examined until only cancer-free tissue remains

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14
Q

6 indications for Mohs?

A 
size 
site
subtype
poor clinical margin definition 
recurrent 
perineurial/perivascular involvement
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15
Q

indications for vismodegib?

A

local advanced BCC not suitable for surgery/radiotherapy
OR
metastatic

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16
Q

action of vismodegib?

A

inhibits abnormal signalling in hedgehog pathway

17
Q

side effects of vismodegib?

A 
hair loss 
weight loss 
altered taste 
muscle spasms
nausea 
fatigue
18
Q

derivation of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

keratinising squamous cells

19
Q

where are SCCs usually found?

A

sun exposed sites

20
Q

4 features of SCC?

A

faster growth
tender
crusty
ulceration

21
Q

treatment for SCC?

A

excision +/- radiotherapy

22
Q

when should follow-up be carried out with SCCs?

A

with high risk patients

23
Q

describe high risk patients for SCCs?

A

immunosuppressed
>20mm diameter
>4mm depth
site of eyelid, ear, lip, nose

24
Q

what is keratoacanthoma?

A

variant of SCC which originates in hair follicles in sun damaged skin

25
Q

treatment for keratoacanthoma?

A

surgical excision

26
Q

name 4 risk factors for melanoma?

A

UV radiation

fair skin / red hair / blue eyes

history of sunburn as a child / inability to tan

familial melanoma / melanoma susceptibility genes

27
Q

ABCDE for melanoma?

A 
asymmetry 
border
colour
diameter
evolution
28
Q

7 point checklist?

A

change in size

change in shape

change in colour

diameter >5mm

inflammation

oozing/bleeding

itch/altered sensation

29
Q

1 advantage of dermoscopy?

A

improved clinical accuracy compared to unaided eye

30
Q

4 subtypes of melanoma?

A

lentigo maligna melanoma

nodular melanoma

acral lentiginous melanoma

superficial spreading malignant melanoma

31
Q

rarer subtype of melanoma?

A

ocular melanoma

32
Q

treatments of melanoma?

A

surgical excision - wide local excision

sentinel lymph node biopsy

immunotherapy

33
Q

rarer treatments for melanoma?

A

chemotherapy

radiotherapy

34
Q

breslow thickness?

A

the distance between the upper layer of the epidermis and the deepest point of tumour

35
Q

name 4 adjuvant therapies used for melanoma?

A

ipilimumab

pembrolizumab

nivolumab

vemurafenib with dabrafenib

36
Q

action of ipilimumab?

A

inhibits CTLA-4

37
Q

action of pembrolizumab?

A

targets PD-1 receptor on tumour

38
Q

metastatic melanoma - treatment?

A

adjuvent therapy

Dermatology (8 decks)

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