introduction - skin, lesions and investigations

Question 1

5 layers of skin - superficial too deep?

Answer 1

stratum corneum 
stratum lucidum 
stratum granulosum 
stratum spinosum 
stratum basale

Question 2

hair cycle - 3 stages and % of hair in each?

Answer 2

anagen - active - 80-90%

catagen - growth stops - 1-3%

telogen - resting phase - 10%

Question 3

6 functions of skin?

Answer 3

thermoregulation 
skin immune system 
barrier
sensation 
interpersonal communication 
vitamin D synthesis

Question 4

describe vit D synthesis?

Answer 4

UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol

Question 5

% of population affected by skin disease?

Answer 5

22-30%

Question 6

5 Ds - why is skin disease important?

Answer 6

disfigurement 
discomfort 
disability 
depression 
death

Question 7

describe 5 external causes of skin disease?

Answer 7

temperature 
UV light 
chemical exposure
infection 
trauma

Question 8

describe 4 internal causes of skin disease?

Answer 8

systemic disease
genetics
drugs
infection

Question 9

example of injuries caused by cold weather?

Answer 9

frostbite
chilblains
skin necrosis
cold urticaria

Question 10

external cause from trauma?

Answer 10

dermatitis artefacta

Question 11

risk of OTC drugs?

Answer 11

internal causes of skin disease

Question 12

autoimmune internal cause of skin disease?

Answer 12

bullous pemphigoid

Question 13

why is distribution union of lesion important to note?

Answer 13

localisation of multiple lesions in certain regions aid diagnosis as diseases have characteristic patterns of distribution

Question 14

name 5 common skin conditions?

Answer 14

eczema 
rosacea 
acne 
psoriasis 
warts

Question 15

give 5 examples of diseases that can be diagnosed by its skin manifestations?

Answer 15

erythema nodosum
sarcoidosis
vasculitis
malignancy

Question 16

sign of hyperlipidemia?

Answer 16

eruptive xanthoma

Question 17

sign of insulin resistance, malignancy or obesity?

Answer 17

acanthosis nigricans

Question 18

classic sign of Grave’s disease? (thyroid skin disease)

Answer 18

pretibial myxoedema

Question 19

test - bacterial infection suspected?

Answer 19

charcoal swab

MC&S - microscopy, culture, sensitivities

Question 20

test - viral infection suspected?

Answer 20

viral swab for PCR

swab vesicle/bulla if erupted

throat swab if systemic illness

Question 21

test - fungal infection suspected?

Answer 21

skin scraping

nail clipping

hair sample

fungal cultures

Question 22

easiest way to take a skin biopsy?

Answer 22

punch biopsy