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Dermatology > Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Skin Cancer Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What is this?

A

Superficial Basal cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What is this

A
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3
Q

What is this?

A

Morphoeic Basal Cell carcinoma

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4
Q

What is this?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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5
Q

What is this?

A

Keratoacanthoma

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6
Q

What is this?

A

Superficial spreading malignant melanoma

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7
Q

What is this?

A

Lentigo malignant melanoma

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8
Q

What is this?

A

Acral Malignant melanoma

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9
Q

What is this?

A

Nodular Malignant melanoma

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10
Q

What is this?

A

Subungal malignant melanoma

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11
Q

What is this?

A

Ocular melanoma

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12
Q

What could this be?

A

Mycosis Fungoides

Eczema

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13
Q

What is this?

A

Mycosis fungoides (plaque stage)

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14
Q

What is this?

A

Mycosis Fungoides (tumour stage)

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15
Q

What is this?

A

Sezary syndrome

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16
Q

What is this?

A

Cutaneous metastases

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17
Q

What is the most common skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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18
Q

What is the incidence of basal cell carcinoma?

A

146-788/100,000

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19
Q

What is the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

38-250/100,000

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20
Q

What are the risk factors for skin cancer?

A

UV radiation

Photochemotherapy

X-ray thermal radiation

HPV

Familial cancer syndromes

Immunosuppression

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21
Q

What type of tumour is basal cell carcinoma?

A

Slow growing

Locally invasive

Rarely metastasise

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22
Q

How does basal cell carcinoma present?

A

Nodular (pearly edge, telangiectasia, central ulceration)

Superficial

Pigmented

Morphoeic

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23
Q

How are Basal cell carcinomas treated?

A

Excision

Curettage

Mohs Surgery

Vismodegib

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24
Q

When is Mohs surgery indicated?

A

Site

Size

Subtype

Poor clinical margin

Recurrent

Perineural/perivascular involvement

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25
When is Vismodegib indicated?
Locally advanced/metastatic BCC
26
Vismodegib is indicated in what?
Locally advanced/metastatic BCC not suitable for surgery
27
How does Vismodegib work?
Selectively inhibits abnormal signalling in Hedgehog pathway | (molecular driver in BCC)
28
What is the median progression free survival for patients on Vismodegib?
9.5 months
29
What side effects are associated with Vismodegib?
Hair/weight loss Altered taste Muscle spasms Nausea Fatigue
30
Squamous cell carcinoma is derived from which cells?
Keratinising squamous cells
31
How do squamous cell carcinoma tend to appear?
Faster growing Tender Scaly/crusted/fleshy growths May ulcerate
32
How is squamous cell carcinoma treated?
Excision Radiotherapy High risk: follow up
33
Which patients are considered high risk with squamous cell carcinoma?
Immunosuppressed \>20mmdiameter \>4mm depth Ear, nose, lip, eyelid Perineural invasion Poorly differentiated
34
What is a Keratoacanthoma?
SCC varient Erupts from hair follicles Grows rapidly, may shrink
35
How is Keratoacanthoma treated?
Surgical excision
36
What is the incidence and mortality of malignant melanoma?
Incidence 10-40/100,000 Mortality 1.9/100,000
37
What are the risk factors for Malignant melanoma?
UV radiation Genetic susceptibility Familial melanoma/melanoma genes
38
What is the ABCDE rule?
High risk melanomas A - Asymmetry B - Border C - Colour D - Diameter E - Evolution
39
What are the major features of melanoma?
Change in: Size Shape Colour
40
What are the minor features of melanoma?
Diameter \>5mm Inflammation Oozing/bleeding Mild itch/altered sensation
41
What is the best way to investigate suspected melanoma?
Dermoscopy
42
Name 6 different types of malignant melanoma
Superficial spreading Lentigo Nodular Acral lentiginous Ocular Subungal
43
How is malignant melanoma treated?
Surgical excision based on breslow thickness Wide local excision Sentinel node biopsy
44
How is stage 4 malignant melanoma treated?
Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Regular followup Ipilimumab/Pembroluzimab/Dabrafenib
45
Which MM drug acts on CTLA-4?
Ipilimumab
46
Which MM drug acts on PD-1?
Pembrolizumab
47
Which MM drug acts on B-RAF mutation?
Vemurafenib/Dabrafenib
48
What is Cutaneous Lymphoma?
Secondary cutaneous disease or Primary cuteanous disease
49
What is primary cutaneous lymphoma?
Abnormal neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes in the skin
50
What cells are involved in cutaneous lymphoma?
Cutaneous T-cell (65%) Cutaneous B-cell (20%)
51
How does T-cell Cutanous lymphoma typically present?
**Mycosis fungoides** **Sezary Syndrome**
52
How does Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma typically present?
Follicle centre Marginal zone Diffuse large B-cell
53
What is Mycosis fungoides?
Most common cutaneous t-cell lymphoma (50% 6/1,000,000
54
Mycosis fungoides is more common in which patients?
Elderly men
55
What are the stages of Mycosis fungoides?
Patch Plaque Tumour Metastatic
56
How is suspected mycosis fungoides investigated?
Bloods Sezary cells CT (staging)
57
How does the patch stage of mycosis fungoides present?
Flat, dry, red oval lesions May spontaneously resolve Itch Looks like eczema
58
How does the plaque stage of mycosis fungoides present?
Patches become thickened Itching
59
How does the tumour stage of mycosis fungoides present?
Large irregular lumps - may ulcerate Arise from existing plaques/normal skin Metastases likely
60
What is Sezary syndrome?
Red man syndrome Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma affecting skin of entire body
61
How is Sezary syndrome diagnosed?
Sezary cells in peripheral blood (atypical T-cells)
62
What is the prognosis of Sezary syndrome?
Survival 2-4 years Opportunistic infection likely
63
How does Sezary syndrome present?
Skin thickened, scaly, red Itchy++
64
What are the steps involved in Extracorporeal photophoresis?
Draw blood and collect leucocytes White cells mixed with Psoralen (makes T-cells sensitive to UVA) UVA exposure Treated cells re-infused
65
How is cuntaneous lymphoma treated?
•Dependant on stage –Topical steroids –PUVA or UVB –Localised radiotherapy –Interferon –Bexarotene –Low dose Methotrexate –Chemotherapy –Total skin electron beam therapy –Extracorporeal photophoresis –Bone marrow transplantation
66
Which origin sites most commonly metastasise to the skin?
Breast Colon Lung
67
How are cutaneous metastases managed?
Treat underlying malignancy Local excision Localised radiotherapy Symptomatic

Dermatology (8 decks)

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