Introduction to Dermatology

Question 1

What is the function of the subcutis?

Answer 1

Fat energy store
Insulation
Fibrous bands to anchor skin

Question 2

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 2

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 3

What is the structure of stratum corneum?

Answer 3

Dead cells with hard protein envelope

Cells contain keratin

Question 4

What is the structure of stratum lucidum?

Answer 4

Dead cells within dispersed keratohyalin

Question 5

What is the structure of stratum granulosum?

Answer 5

Hard protein envelope
Lamellar bodies release lipids
Cells die

Question 6

What is the structure of stratum spinosum?

Answer 6

Keratin fibres and lamellar bodies accumulate

Question 7

What is the structure of stratum basale?

Answer 7

Cells divide by mitosis

Question 8

What is the most distal part of the nail called?

Answer 8

Hyponychium

Question 9

What is the biconvex white structure of the proximal nail called?

Answer 9

Lunula

Question 10

What is the hair cycle?

Answer 10

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

Question 11

What is anagen?

Answer 11

Active growing phase

30-90% of hair

Question 12

What is catagen?

Answer 12

2-3 week phase growth stops

1-3% of hairs

Question 13

What is telogen?

Answer 13

Resting phase 1-4 months

10% of hairs in a normal scalp

Question 14

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 14

Barrier
Thermoregulation
Skin immune system
Sensation
Vitamin D synthesis
Interpersonal communication

Question 15

What are the external causes of skin disease?

Answer 15

Temperature
UV
Chemical
Infection 
Trauma

Question 16

What is a macule?

Answer 16

Small circumscribed area

Question 17

What is a patch?

Answer 17

Larger circumscribed area

Question 18

What is a papule?

Answer 18

Small raised area

Question 19

What is a plaque?

Answer 19

Larger raised area

Question 20

What is a vesicle?

Answer 20

Small fluid filled

Question 21

What is a bulla?

Answer 21

Large fluid filled

Question 22

What is a pustule?

Answer 22

Small pus filled

Question 23

What is an abscess?

Answer 23

Large pus filled

Question 24

What is erosion?

Answer 24

Loss of epidermis

Question 25

What is an ulcer?

Answer 25

Loss of epidermis and dermis

Question 26

Eruptive xanthoma is associated with what?

Answer 26

Hyperlipidaemia

Question 27

Acanthosis Nigricans is associated with what?

Answer 27

Insulin resistance Obesity Malignancy

Question 28

What is acanthosis nigricans?

Answer 28

'velvety' hyperkeratosis Hyperpigmentation Papules

Question 29

What investigations are used in dermatology if bacterial infection is suspected?

Answer 29

Charcoal swab MC&S Microscopy, culture, sensitivities

Question 30

What investigations are used in dermatology if viral infection is suspected?

Answer 30

Viral swab PCR Can swab vesicle/bulla Systemic illness - throat swab

Question 31

What investigations are used in dermatology if fungal infection is suspected?

Answer 31

Skin scraping Nail clipping Hair sample (fungal cultures)