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dermatology > Introduction to Dermatology > Flashcards

Introduction to Dermatology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the subcutis?

A

Fat energy store
Insulation
Fibrous bands to anchor skin

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2
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum basale
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3
Q

What is the structure of stratum corneum?

A

Dead cells with hard protein envelope

Cells contain keratin

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4
Q

What is the structure of stratum lucidum?

A

Dead cells within dispersed keratohyalin

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5
Q

What is the structure of stratum granulosum?

A

Hard protein envelope
Lamellar bodies release lipids
Cells die

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6
Q

What is the structure of stratum spinosum?

A

Keratin fibres and lamellar bodies accumulate

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7
Q

What is the structure of stratum basale?

A

Cells divide by mitosis

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8
Q

What is the most distal part of the nail called?

A

Hyponychium

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9
Q

What is the biconvex white structure of the proximal nail called?

A

Lunula

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10
Q

What is the hair cycle?

A

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

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11
Q

What is anagen?

A

Active growing phase

30-90% of hair

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12
Q

What is catagen?

A

2-3 week phase growth stops

1-3% of hairs

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13
Q

What is telogen?

A

Resting phase 1-4 months

10% of hairs in a normal scalp

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14
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A 
Barrier
Thermoregulation
Skin immune system
Sensation
Vitamin D synthesis
Interpersonal communication
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15
Q

What are the external causes of skin disease?

A 
Temperature
UV
Chemical
Infection 
Trauma
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16
Q

What is a macule?

A

Small circumscribed area

17
Q

What is a patch?

A

Larger circumscribed area

18
Q

What is a papule?

A

Small raised area

19
Q

What is a plaque?

A

Larger raised area

20
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Small fluid filled

21
Q

What is a bulla?

A

Large fluid filled

22
Q

What is a pustule?

A

Small pus filled

23
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Large pus filled

24
Q

What is erosion?

A

Loss of epidermis

25
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis

26
Q

Eruptive xanthoma is associated with what?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

27
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans is associated with what?

A

Insulin resistance
Obesity
Malignancy

28
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans?

A

‘velvety’ hyperkeratosis
Hyperpigmentation
Papules

29
Q

What investigations are used in dermatology if bacterial infection is suspected?

A

Charcoal swab
MC&S
Microscopy, culture, sensitivities

30
Q

What investigations are used in dermatology if viral infection is suspected?

A

Viral swab PCR
Can swab vesicle/bulla
Systemic illness - throat swab

31
Q

What investigations are used in dermatology if fungal infection is suspected?

A

Skin scraping
Nail clipping
Hair sample
(fungal cultures)

dermatology (8 decks)

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