Infections and Infestations of the Skin Flashcards
1
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Impetigo
2
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Folliculitis
3
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Erysipelas
4
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Cellulitis
5
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Primary Syphilis (syphilitic chancre)
6
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Secondary Syphilis
7
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Tertiary syphilis
8
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Herpes Simplex virus
9
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Chickenpox
10
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Singles
11
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Viral Warts
12
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Molluscum Contagiosum
13
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
14
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Candidiasis
15
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Pityriasis versicolor
16
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Head lice
17
Q
What lesion is this?
A
Scabies (burrow)
18
Q
What are the most common bacterial skin infections?
A
Impetigo
Folliculitis
Erysipelas
Cellulitis
Syphilis
19
Q
What is the most common bacterial infection in children?
A
Impetigo
20
Q
What are the predisposing factors for impetigo?
A
Warm temperature
High humidity
Poor hygiene
Skin trauma
21
Q
What pathogens are responsible for impetigo?
A
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
22
Q
How is impetigo treated?
A
Local wound care
Topical antibiotics
23
Q
How does impetigo typically present?
A
Honey coloured yellow crust - superficial erosion
24
Q
What is folliculitis?
A
Infection of the hair follicle
25
Which pathogen is typically responsible for folliculitis?
*Staphylococcus aureus*
26
What are the predisposing factors for folliculitis?
Occulsion
Maceration
Hyperhydration
Shaving/waxing
Topical corticosteroids
Diabetes
27
Which areas of skin are typically affected by folliculitis?
Face
Chest
Back
Axillae
Buttocks
28
How is folliculitis investigated?
Bacterial cultures
29
How is folliculitis treated?
Antibacterial washes/ointments
30
What is Erysipelas?
Infection of the dermis with lymphatic involvement
Erythema with well defined margins
Affected skin hot, tense, indurated
31
Which groups are typically affected by Erysipelas?
Young, old
Lymphedema
Chronic cutaneous ulcers
32
Which areas of skin are typically affected by erysipelas?
Face
Lower extremities
33
How is erysipelas diagnosed?
Clinical
Elevated leucocytes
34
How is Erysipelas differentiated from cellulitis?
Erysipelas shows elevated leukocytes
35
How is Erysipelas diagnosed?
10-14d Penicillin
36
What pathogen causes erysipelas?
Group A Strep
37
How does erysipelas typically present?
Fever, chills, malaise, nausea
Red, inflamed dermis
38
What is Cellulitis?
Infection causing inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues
39
What pathogens are associated with cellulitis?
* Strep pyogenes*
* Staph aureus*
40
What conditions are can predispose cellulitis?
Lymphedema
Alcoholism
Diabetes mellitus
IVDA
Peripheral vascular disease
41
How does cellulitis present?
Area of rubor, calor, dolor, tumor
Ill-defined, non-palpable borders
42
Which areas are most commonly affected by cellulitis?
Children: head and neck
Adults: extremities
43
How is cellulitis diagnosed?
Clinical
44
How is cellulitis treated?
Antibiotics
| (symptomatic)
45
What pathogen causes syphilis?
*Treponema pallidum*
46
How does secondary syphilis present?
Widespread rash:
Red/brown papules
Trunk, palms, soles
**DOESNT ITCH**
Flu-like symptoms
47
How does primary syphilis present?
Painless ulcer - chancre
Heals within 4-8 weeks
| (mouth, genitals, anus)
48
How does tertiary syphilis present?
Infectious patient
Solitary granulomatous lesions (gummas)
Brain, spinal cord, heart, liver, eyes may be involved
49
How is syphilis diagnosed?
Serological tests (5-6 weeks post infetion)
Non-specific non-treponemal tests (VDRL)
Specific anti-treponemal antibody tests (TTPA)
50
How is syphilis treated?
IV penicillin
51
How does HSV-1 present?
90% of mandems
Oral/lips
Asymptomatic \<10y/o
52
How does HSV2 present?
Genital infection
53
How do HSV sores present?
Sore areas with erethematous base
Pustules --\> Ulcerations
54
How is HSV treated?
Topical/systemic Antivirals
55
Chickenpox and Shingles are associated with which pathogens?
Varicella-Zoster Virus
56
How does Chickenpox present?
Acute fever
Blistered rash
(red macules, vesicules, pustules)
57
How is chickenpox treated?
Sympmatically
Calamine lotion
58
How does shingles present?
Rash along a single dermatome
59
Why does shingles present in a single dermatome?
Varicella Zoster virus remains dormant in a dorsal root ganglion nerve cell
60
What complications are associated with Shingles?
Infection
Post-herpetic neuralgia
61
How is shingles managed?
Keep area clean
Pain relief
Rest
62
Which pathogen is associated with viral warts?
Human papillomavirus
63
How do viral warts present?
Pain/discomfort
Hyperkeratotic papules/plaques
64
How are viral warts managed?
Salicylic acid
Cryotherapy (adults)
Secondary care referral
65
When should viral wart patients be referred to secondary care?
Diagnostic uncertainty
Immunocompromised
Warts large/extensive
66
What pathogens are associated with Molloscum Contagiosum?
Poxvirus - poxviridae family
67
Which patients are typically affected by molloscum contagiosum?
Infants, \<10y/o
68
How does Molluscum contagiosum present?
Round, firm perly papules with waxy surface
Skinfolds
Genitals
69
How is Molloscum Contagiosum treated?
Curettage
Liquid Nitrogen
Chemovesicants
70
Which tissues are commonly affected by dermatophytosis?
Keratinized tissue
Hair, nails, skin
71
Which tissues are commonly affected by candidiasis?
Opportunistic fungi - moist areas of skin
72
What is dermatophytosis?
Ringworm
73
Which form of Dermatophytoses is most common in children?
Tinea capitis - scalp
74
What is tinea cruris?
Ringworm of groin
75
What is tinea pedis?
Ringworm of foot
76
What is tinea unguium?
Ringworm of the nail
77
Dermatophytoses are most common in which patients?
Postpubertal
78
What pathogen is associated with mucocutaneous candida infections?
Candida albicans
79
How do candida infections present?
Erythematous patches with satellite pustules
80
Which areas of skin are associated with candida infections?
Intertriginous zones
(submammary, inguinal creases, finger spaces, diaper areas)
81
How are candida infections treated?
Remove predisposing factors
Topical/oral antifungals
82
How does Pityriasis Versicolor present?
Oval - round patches with mild scale
83
Pityriasis versicolor is associated with what conditions?
High temps
Humidity
Oily skin
Excess sweating
84
Which patients are more likely to suffer from pityriasis versicolor?
Sebum-rich skin
Adolescents
85
How is Pityriasis versicolor treated?
Topical antimycotics
86
What mite causes scabies
*Sarcoptes scabiei mites*
87
How is scabies transmitted?
Close direct contact
88
What factors predispose one to scabies?
Overcrowding
Delayed treatment
89
How is scabies diagnosed?
Skin scraping
Burrows visualisation
90
How does scabies present?
Itch - more common at night
Trunk and limbs - spares scalp
Scabies burrows - irregular grey tracks
91
How is scabies treated?
Topical antiscabietical treatment to patient and close contacts
92
How do head lice present?
Itch and irritated scalp
Nape of neck, skin behind ears
Visible lice
Red-brown spots on skin
93
How is head lice treated?
2 applications of insecticide and/or physical methods
Treat family members
Inform day care/school
