skin cancer Flashcards
what is the dangerous skin cancer
the most life threatening skin cancer is melanoma
what is unusual about this cancer
more common in the younger population
what is the single most preventable RF
sun exposure
definition
an invasive malignant tumour of the epidermal melanocytes with the potential to metastasizes
risk factors/causes
type 1 skin- burns never tans sun exposure previous melanoma family history history of moles
presentation
A -asymmetry B-borders Colour Diameter >6mm Evolution
associated symptoms -itching, bleeding, crusting
types
acral -nails, soles, palms, no associated found with uv, seen in elderly population
lentigo- also elderly, accumulation of sun exposure over many years, on faced
superficial spreading - mid to high UV risk, on limbs, young to middle age
nodular- mid to high UV risk, trunk, young to middle age
management
surgical incision
radiotherapy
chemotherapy if malignant
prognosis
based on Breslow thickness (thickness of tumour)
if over 1.5mm high risk of recurrence, less than 0.76 mm than low risk
TNM- Stage 1 90% 5 year survival
stage 4 -20-30% 5 year surivival
what is the most common malignant skin cancer
a non melonoma, basal cell carcinoma
what is its description
locally invasive carcinoma of the epidermal keratinocytes with the potential to mets.
what part of the body does it usually affect
head and neck
who does it usually affect/risk factors?
those with a genetic predisposition (gorhlin syndrome)
skin type 1
lots of suburns in lifetime esp childhood
previous skin cancer
FH
UV exposure
immunosuppression
the most common type and describe it
nodular
- pearly rolled edges/lesion
associated with raised edges
skin coloured
necrotic or ulcerated centre
management
surgical excision mohs surgery chemo radio cryptotherapy
imiqimod cream
what is mohs surgery
During the surgery, after each removal of tissue and while the patient waits, the tissue is examined for cancer cells. That examination informs the decision for additional tissue removal. Mohs surgery is one of the many methods of obtaining complete margin control during removal of a skin cancet
name another non-melanoma skin cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
what is a premaglinant condition for it
actin keratosis
define it
a locally invasive tumour of the epidermal keratocytes with potential for maglinancy
RF
uv exposure chronic leg inflammation genetic predisposition uv exposure immunosuppression
describe its presentation
looks purples but usually crusting, ulcerated, with slough may bleed raised bordered/edges open sore failed to heal like appearance
treatment
surgical excision
mohs surgery
radiotherapy
differentials
keratoacanthoma BCC SCC Melonoma actin keratosis
