skin cancer

Question 1

what is a benign skin cancer?

Answer 1

seborrheic keratosis

Question 2

what are the features of seborrheic keratosis?

Answer 2

stuck on
face, trunk

Question 3

what would a biopsy of seborrheic keratosis show?

Answer 3

horn cysts

Question 4

what is a pre-malignant skin cancer?

Answer 4

actinic keratosis

Question 5

what causes actinic keratosis?

Answer 5

sun exposure (UV)

Question 6

where does actinic keratosis usually affect?

Answer 6

scalp, big area

Question 7

what is the management of actinic keratosis?

Answer 7

5-FU fluorouracil cream

Question 8

what is a malignant skin cancer?

Answer 8

basal cell carcinoma

Question 9

what are the features of BCC?

Answer 9

rarely metastasises, local destruction
slow growing, painless, rolled border
visible blood vessels

Question 10

what is the management of BCC?

Answer 10

M0 = 5% imiquimod cream
metastasis = excise

Question 11

what type of skin cancer is melanocytic naevus?

Answer 11

benign

Question 12

what are features of melanocytic naevus?

Answer 12

small
symmetrical
well-defined
macule/papule

Question 13

what is the growth pattern of melanocytic naevus and who does it typically affect?

Answer 13

growth > stable > regress
children/teenagers

Question 14

what type of skin cancer is Bowen’s disease?

Answer 14

pre-malignant
SCC in situ

Question 15

where is Bowen’s disease commonly found?

Answer 15

legs

Question 16

what are features of Bowen’s disease?

Answer 16

scaly plaque
irregular border

Question 17

what type of skin cancer is squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 17

malignant

Question 18

what is the typical cause of SCC?

Answer 18

sun damage
immunosuppressed

Question 19

what are features of SCC?

Answer 19

red scaling plaques
quick growing
painful
sharp borders
keratin pearls
>4mm deeps = bad prognosis

Question 20

what are the risk factors?

Answer 20

sun exposure - lived abroad, job, sunbeds etc
Fhx
immunosuppression
smoking

Question 21

what is the main RF for BCC/melanoma?

Answer 21

intense sun exposure

Question 22

what are BCC derived from?

Answer 22

basal keratinocytes

Question 23

what would the history of BCC sound like?

Answer 23

slow growing
“just won’t heal”
asymptomatic

Question 24

what are the clinical features of BCC?

Answer 24

rolled pearly edge
central ulceration
telangiectasia

Question 25

what are the different types of BCC?

Answer 25

nodular superficial infiltrative

Question 26

what is the management for nodular BCC?

Answer 26

excise

Question 27

what is the management for superficial BCC?

Answer 27

non-surgical treatment

Question 28

what is the management for infiltrative BCC?

Answer 28

wide excision/ Mohs surgery

Question 29

what cells are SCC derived from?

Answer 29

supra-basal keratinocytes

Question 30

what would the history of SCC sound like?

Answer 30

faster growing changes over 2-3/12 months tender

Question 31

what are the clinical features of SCC?

Answer 31

scaly lumps of ulcerated lumps

Question 32

in which population of patients is SCC the most common type of skin cancer?

Answer 32

immunosuppressed

Question 33

what are the precursors to SCC?

Answer 33

actinic keratosis (solar keratosis) bowens disease

Question 34

what is actinic keratosis?

Answer 34

partial thickness keratinocyte dysplasia of epidermis

Question 35

what is Bowens disease?

Answer 35

full thickness keratinocyte dysplasia of epidermis

Question 36

which cells is melanoma derived from?

Answer 36

melanocytes

Question 37

how does history of melanoma usually present?

Answer 37

changing pigmented lesion itchy bleeds

Question 38

what are the clinical features of melanoma?

Answer 38

A - asymmetry B - irregular border C- variable colour D - diameter >6mm E - evolution/elevation

Question 39

what is the major criteria for history of changing moles?

Answer 39

change in shape change in size change in colour

Question 40

what is the minor criteria in history of changing moles?

Answer 40

diameter >6mm bleeding sensory change inflammation

Question 41

what are the different types of melanoma?

Answer 41

superficial spreading nodular lentigo maligna melanoma acral lentiginous melanoma

Question 42

what is the key growth phase for nodular melanomas?

Answer 42

vertical growth phase from outset

Question 43

what is the radial growth phase?

Answer 43

initial in-situ no metastatic potential curable

Question 44

what is the vertical growth phase?

Answer 44

metastatic potential measure by breslow's thickness

Question 45

what does breslows thickness measure?

Answer 45

deepest tumour cell from granular layer of epidermis