skin cancer Flashcards
what do the skin cancer types arise from?
SCC - arise from keratinocytes in stratum corneum
BCC - arise from the stratum basale
melanoma - arise from melanocytes§
what is actinic keratosis?
pathogenesis?
which cancer can it lead to?
how do actinic keratosis present?
biopsy findings?
what is squamous cell carcinoma?
2nd most common skin cancer
arises from squamous cells/keratinocytes in epidermis
less than 5% metastasise to regional nodes, rarely metastasis beyond nodes
where does SSC occur?
sun-exposed areas
face, lip, ears, hands
DNA damage by UV light
who does SCC occur in?
older pts
rare in <45yo
common in >75yo
how does SCC present?
what is this?
SCC
what are risk factors for SCC?
what are the pathology findigns in SCC?
what is keratocanthoma?
presentation?
treatment?
what is bowen’s disease?
what is basal cell carincoma?
most common skin cancer
slow growing
rarely metastasise
where does BCC occur?
sun-exposed areas
how does BCC present?
what is this?
BCC
what is biopsy findings in BCC?
nests of basaxoid dark cells in dermis
palisading nucleus - cells at peripheral of nests lined up in parallel
what is superficial BCC?
presentation?
how do you treat SCC and BCC?
what is melanoma?
how do you assess it?
what are the types of melanoma?
superficial spreading
nodular
lentigo maligna
acral lentiginous
what is superficial spreading melanoma?
most common subtype
grows horizontally
what is nodular melanoma?
aggressive subtype
grows vertically
50% melanoma deaths
what is lentigo maligna?
presentation?
what is acral lentiginous?
least common subtype of melanoma
affects palms, feet sole + under nails
most common in dark-skinned patients eg asians, African-americans
what are risk factors for melanoma?
how do you diagnose melanoma?
tumour marker?
how do you treat melanoma?
how do you grade prognosis?
excision with wide margins
can metastasise via blood or lymph. most commonly to lungs, liver + brain
what are the gene mutations assoc with melanoma?
