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Y3 Dermatology Conditions > Skin cancer > Flashcards

Skin cancer Flashcards

1
Q

clinical features of seborrhoeic keratoses

A
  • older px
  • warty greasy papules/nodules
  • well-defined borders
  • colour varies
  • stuck-on appearance
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2
Q

why might seborrhoeic keratosis/lipoma be removed

A
  • catch on clothing

- cosmetic purposes

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3
Q

underlying process of lipoma

A

adipose tissue proliferation

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4
Q

lipoma that is more common in males vs females

A
  • males: multiple

- females: solitary

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5
Q

clinical features of lipoma

A
  • slow growing (years)

- soft, smooth, mobile, subcutaneous nodule

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6
Q

epidermal (follicular infundibular/keratin) cysts commonly affect what sites

A

face, trunk, neck

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7
Q

clinical features of epidermoid cyst

A
  • skin-coloured/yellow, firm round nodules
  • central punctum
  • offensive smelling keratinous contents
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8
Q

dermatofibromas (histiocytomas) are caused by

A

fibroblast proliferation

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9
Q

dermatofibromas are often asymptomatic but what symptoms do they have when they are symptomatic

A
  • itchy

- painful

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10
Q

clinical features of dermatofibromas

A
  • firm, fibrous, dermal nodules/papule
  • <1cm, dimples upon compression
  • pale centre
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11
Q

Campbell de Morgan Spots (cherry angiomas) number of spots increases with … and spots are common in

A
  • age

- mid-trunk

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12
Q

cherry angiomas clinical features

A

red/purple/black papule/macule

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13
Q

fibroepithelial polyps (skin folds) are often found in

A

skin folds

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14
Q

clinical features of skin folds

A

skin-coloured & variable size

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15
Q

most common skin cancer that is non-melanoma skin cancer which arises from basal keratinocytes

A

BCC

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16
Q

causes of BCC

A
  • UV (DNA mutation)

- rarely hereditary (gorlin’s syndrome)

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17
Q

BCC RFs (to be aware of)

A
  • older males
  • fair skin
  • sun exposure (hobbies, work etc)
  • sunbathing/bed
  • BCC history
  • radiation/arsenic
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18
Q

describe clinical features of BCC

A
  • rolled, pearly edges
  • arborising blood vessels
  • slowly growing plaque/nodule
  • skin coloured/pink/pigmented
  • locally invasive
  • size variable
  • bleeding
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19
Q

most common type of facial BCC

A

nodular

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20
Q

describe nodular BCC

A
  • shiny/pearly nodule
  • rolled edges
  • smooth surface
  • telangiectasia
  • central depression/ulceration
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21
Q

superficial BCC is common in … where it can be found on …

A
  • young adults

- upper trunk/shoulders

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22
Q

describe superficial BCC

A
  • slightly scaly, irregular plaque
  • thin, translucent rolled border
  • multiple micro-erosions
23
Q

morphoeic (sclerosing) BCC is found

A

mid-face

24
Q

describe morphoeic BCC

A
  • waxy, scar-like plaque w/ indistinct borders
  • wide & deep subclinical extension
  • perineural spread
25
Q

pigmented BCC is often difficult to distinguish from melanoma due to

A

pigmented nodular shape

26
Q

tx options BCC/SCC (6)

A
  • excision
  • Mohs
  • curettage & cautery
  • photodynamic therapy (PDT)
  • radiotherapy
  • topical
27
Q

2nd most common skin cancer that is a non-melanoma derived from epidermal keratinocytes which is invasive and can metastasise

A

SCC

28
Q

causes of SCC

A
  • UV

- inherited - albinism, xeroderma pigmentosum

29
Q

RFs SCC

A
  • same as BCC
  • smoking
  • immunosuppression
  • chronic inflammation
30
Q

describe clinical features of SCC

A
  • enlarged scaly crust lumps (keratotic)
  • within pre-existing actinic
  • weeks –> months growth
  • ulcerate
  • can be tender/painful
31
Q

describe the most common SCC precursor

A
  • actinic keratoses

- erythematous scaly plaques/papules

32
Q

other than surgery, cryotherapy, name the topical therapy options for actinic keratoses & bowen’s disease

A
  • 5-flurouracil - efudix cream
  • diclofenac sodium - solaraze el
  • ingenol mebutate - picato gel
33
Q

bowen’s disease is … which is …

A
  • SCC in situ
  • whole epidermis contains atypical keratinocytes
  • slowly enlarging erythematous plaque
34
Q

a SCC type with excessive production of keratin

A

cutaneous horn

35
Q

a SCC type that is rapidly growing keratinising nodule which ma resolve w/out tx

A

keratoacanthoma

36
Q

a SCC that is slow growing, watery on the sole of foot

A

carcinoma cuniculatum

37
Q

a SCC is high risk if it’s greater than … in diameter

A

2cm

38
Q

a SCC is high risk if it’s located in

A
  • ear
  • vermilion of lip
  • central face
  • hands
  • feet
  • genitalia
39
Q

a SCC is high risk if histology finsings are

A
  • > 2 mm thick
  • poorly differentiated
  • invasive
40
Q

benign proliferation of melanocytes

A

melanocytic naevi

41
Q

describe junctional naevus

A
  • between epidermis & dermis
  • flat
  • mild-dark brown
42
Q

describe compound naevus

A
  • within dermis & epidermal-dermal junction
  • raised centre w/ flat surrounding area
  • hairy
43
Q

describe intradermal naevus

A
  • within dermis
  • raised
  • hairy
  • paler
44
Q

describe the difference between the three types of malignant melanomas

A
  • in situ melanoma = epidermis only
  • invasive melanoma = spread to dermis
  • metastatic melanoma = spread elsewhere
45
Q

describe fair skin type 1 that is often susceptible to skin cancers

A

never burns, never tans

46
Q

genetic mutation associated with melanoma

A

BRAF

47
Q

common melanoma sites for men and women

A
  • back (men)

- legs (women)

48
Q

what is amelanotic melanoma

A

melanoma with no pigment

49
Q

describe clinical features of melanoma

A
  • itchy
  • painful
  • bleed
  • overlying crust
50
Q

ABCDE is melanoma

A
  • asymmetry
  • irregular borders
  • irregular, variable colours
  • > 6mm diameter
  • change in colour/size/shape
51
Q

7 point checklist to diagnose melanoma

A

major: change in size/colour/shape
minor: >7mm/inflammation/altered sensation/crusting/bleeding/oozing

52
Q

tx for refractory melanoma

A
  • immunotherapy: ipilimumab/nivolumab/pembrolizumab

- targeted tx: vemurafenib/dabrafenib/trametinib

53
Q

Breslow thickness used to assess the chance of melanoma recurring

A
  • <1mm = low risk
  • 1-4mm = intermediate risk
  • > 4mm = high risk

Y3 Dermatology Conditions (7 decks)

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