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Y3 Dermatology Conditions > Skin cancer > Flashcards

Skin cancer Flashcards

1
Q

clinical features of seborrhoeic keratoses

A
  • older px
  • warty greasy papules/nodules
  • well-defined borders
  • colour varies
  • stuck-on appearance
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2
Q

why might seborrhoeic keratosis/lipoma be removed

A
  • catch on clothing

- cosmetic purposes

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3
Q

underlying process of lipoma

A

adipose tissue proliferation

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4
Q

lipoma that is more common in males vs females

A
  • males: multiple

- females: solitary

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5
Q

clinical features of lipoma

A
  • slow growing (years)

- soft, smooth, mobile, subcutaneous nodule

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6
Q

epidermal (follicular infundibular/keratin) cysts commonly affect what sites

A

face, trunk, neck

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7
Q

clinical features of epidermoid cyst

A
  • skin-coloured/yellow, firm round nodules
  • central punctum
  • offensive smelling keratinous contents
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8
Q

dermatofibromas (histiocytomas) are caused by

A

fibroblast proliferation

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9
Q

dermatofibromas are often asymptomatic but what symptoms do they have when they are symptomatic

A
  • itchy

- painful

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10
Q

clinical features of dermatofibromas

A
  • firm, fibrous, dermal nodules/papule
  • <1cm, dimples upon compression
  • pale centre
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11
Q

Campbell de Morgan Spots (cherry angiomas) number of spots increases with … and spots are common in

A
  • age

- mid-trunk

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12
Q

cherry angiomas clinical features

A

red/purple/black papule/macule

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13
Q

fibroepithelial polyps (skin folds) are often found in

A

skin folds

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14
Q

clinical features of skin folds

A

skin-coloured & variable size

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15
Q

most common skin cancer that is non-melanoma skin cancer which arises from basal keratinocytes

A

BCC

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16
Q

causes of BCC

A
  • UV (DNA mutation)

- rarely hereditary (gorlin’s syndrome)

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17
Q

BCC RFs (to be aware of)

A
  • older males
  • fair skin
  • sun exposure (hobbies, work etc)
  • sunbathing/bed
  • BCC history
  • radiation/arsenic
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18
Q

describe clinical features of BCC

A
  • rolled, pearly edges
  • arborising blood vessels
  • slowly growing plaque/nodule
  • skin coloured/pink/pigmented
  • locally invasive
  • size variable
  • bleeding
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19
Q

most common type of facial BCC

A

nodular

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20
Q

describe nodular BCC

A
  • shiny/pearly nodule
  • rolled edges
  • smooth surface
  • telangiectasia
  • central depression/ulceration
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21
Q

superficial BCC is common in … where it can be found on …

A
  • young adults

- upper trunk/shoulders

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22
Q

describe superficial BCC

A
  • slightly scaly, irregular plaque
  • thin, translucent rolled border
  • multiple micro-erosions
23
Q

morphoeic (sclerosing) BCC is found

24
Q

describe morphoeic BCC

A
  • waxy, scar-like plaque w/ indistinct borders
  • wide & deep subclinical extension
  • perineural spread
25
pigmented BCC is often difficult to distinguish from melanoma due to
pigmented nodular shape
26
tx options BCC/SCC (6)
- excision - Mohs - curettage & cautery - photodynamic therapy (PDT) - radiotherapy - topical
27
2nd most common skin cancer that is a non-melanoma derived from epidermal keratinocytes which is invasive and can metastasise
SCC
28
causes of SCC
- UV | - inherited - albinism, xeroderma pigmentosum
29
RFs SCC
- same as BCC - smoking - immunosuppression - chronic inflammation
30
describe clinical features of SCC
- enlarged scaly crust lumps (keratotic) - within pre-existing actinic - weeks --> months growth - ulcerate - can be tender/painful
31
describe the most common SCC precursor
- actinic keratoses | - erythematous scaly plaques/papules
32
other than surgery, cryotherapy, name the topical therapy options for actinic keratoses & bowen's disease
- 5-flurouracil - efudix cream - diclofenac sodium - solaraze el - ingenol mebutate - picato gel
33
bowen's disease is ... which is ...
- SCC in situ - whole epidermis contains atypical keratinocytes - slowly enlarging erythematous plaque
34
a SCC type with excessive production of keratin
cutaneous horn
35
a SCC type that is rapidly growing keratinising nodule which ma resolve w/out tx
keratoacanthoma
36
a SCC that is slow growing, watery on the sole of foot
carcinoma cuniculatum
37
a SCC is high risk if it's greater than ... in diameter
2cm
38
a SCC is high risk if it's located in
- ear - vermilion of lip - central face - hands - feet - genitalia
39
a SCC is high risk if histology finsings are
- >2 mm thick - poorly differentiated - invasive
40
benign proliferation of melanocytes
melanocytic naevi
41
describe junctional naevus
- between epidermis & dermis - flat - mild-dark brown
42
describe compound naevus
- within dermis & epidermal-dermal junction - raised centre w/ flat surrounding area - hairy
43
describe intradermal naevus
- within dermis - raised - hairy - paler
44
describe the difference between the three types of malignant melanomas
- in situ melanoma = epidermis only - invasive melanoma = spread to dermis - metastatic melanoma = spread elsewhere
45
describe fair skin type 1 that is often susceptible to skin cancers
never burns, never tans
46
genetic mutation associated with melanoma
BRAF
47
common melanoma sites for men and women
- back (men) | - legs (women)
48
what is amelanotic melanoma
melanoma with no pigment
49
describe clinical features of melanoma
- itchy - painful - bleed - overlying crust
50
ABCDE is melanoma
- asymmetry - irregular borders - irregular, variable colours - >6mm diameter - change in colour/size/shape
51
7 point checklist to diagnose melanoma
major: change in size/colour/shape minor: >7mm/inflammation/altered sensation/crusting/bleeding/oozing
52
tx for refractory melanoma
- immunotherapy: ipilimumab/nivolumab/pembrolizumab | - targeted tx: vemurafenib/dabrafenib/trametinib
53
Breslow thickness used to assess the chance of melanoma recurring
- <1mm = low risk - 1-4mm = intermediate risk - >4mm = high risk

Y3 Dermatology Conditions (7 decks)

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