Introduction to basic principles & terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Deep to superficial layers of epidermis

A
  • stratum basale
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum cornerman
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2
Q

Layer that is source of epidermal stem cells, cell division, melanocytes

A

Stratum basale

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3
Q

Central layer with desmosomal junctions link keratinocytes

A

Stratum spinosum

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4
Q

Layer containing keratinocytes and flaggrin within keratinocytes

A

Stratum granulosum

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5
Q

Paler layer that contains compact keratin

A

Stratum lucidum

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6
Q

Layer containing De Squamata green keratinocytes & flattened keratinised layer

A

Stratum corneum

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7
Q

Where is stratum lucidum found

A

Areas of thick skin

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8
Q

Layers of dermis, composition, contents & products of its fibroblasts

A
  • 1-4mm
  • mostly collagen
  • blood vessels, lymphatics, mast cells, nerves, skin appendages
  • collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans
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9
Q

Composition & function of subcutis

A

Fat: insulation, protection, energy

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10
Q

4 components of skin appendages

A
  • hair
  • nails
  • sebaceous glands
  • sweat glands (eccrine; apocrine)
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11
Q

Pilosabecous unit

A

Hair shaft, hair follicle, sebaceous unit, ar rector pili muscle

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12
Q

Summarise 4 phases of wound healing

A

Haemostasis: vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation
Inflammation: vasodilation, phagocytosis
Proliferation-migration: granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialisation
Remodelling: collagen, scarring

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13
Q

Lesion

A

Altered skin

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14
Q

Rash

A

Eruption

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15
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching

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16
Q

Macula

A

Small flat lesion

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17
Q

Patch

A

Large flat lesion

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18
Q

Papule

A

Small (<0.5cm) solid, raised lesion

19
Q

Plaque

A

Large scaly raised lesion

20
Q

Nodule

A

Large solid raised lesion

21
Q

Vesicle

A

Small raised clear fluid-filled lesion

22
Q

Bulla

A

Large raised clear fluid-filled lesion

23
Q

Pustule

A

Small pus-filled lesion

24
Q

Erosion

A

Superficial loss of some/all epidermis/mucosa only

25
Ulcer
Deep complete loss of epidermis and some dermis/submucosa
26
Scale
Flakes of desquamated stratum corneum, silvery appearance
27
Crust
Dried exudate
28
Excoriation
Epidermal loss | due to trauma
29
Lichenification
Thickening of skin from chronic rubbing
30
Fibrosis
Dermal scarring/thickening reactions
31
Fissure
Linear crack in skin, often v painful
32
Wheal
Short-lived (<24hrs) oedematous, well circumcised papule or plaque seen in urticaria
33
Telangiectasia
Dilated superficial dermal vessels
34
Atrophy
Thinning of epidermal and/or dermal tissue
35
Keloid
Hypertrophic scar - chronic overgrown original wound boundaries
36
Comedone
Dilated hair follicle full of sebum/keratin, open (black) or closed
37
Milium
Small superficial cyst containing keratin (usually <1-2mm in size)
38
Petechiae
Non-blanching small red/purple macules
39
Purpura
Large petechiae
40
Echymoses
Larger extravasating of blood - bruise-like patch
41
Onyholysis
Separation of nail plate from nail bed
42
Pitting
Punctuate depression of nail bed
43
Other than biopsy, name 5 dermatological tests
- simple excision - skin scrapes/nail clippings/hair extraction - skin swabs - patch testing - Doppler studies
44
Three means of skin biopsies
- curettage - punch biopsy - ellipse biopsy