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Y3 Dermatology Conditions > Bacterial infections > Flashcards

Bacterial infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

characteristics of impetigo

A
  • pustules
  • honey-coloured crusted erosions
  • plaques
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2
Q

RFs that may cause impetigo

A
  • chickenpox; insect bite
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3
Q

main causative agent of non-bullous impetigo

A

staph (most common)/strep

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4
Q

evolution of appearance of non-bullous impetigo (trauma)

A

pink macule –> vesicle/pustule –> crusted erosions

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5
Q

main causative agent of ecthyma impetigo

A

strep pyogenes

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6
Q

evolution of appearance of ecthyma impetigo

A

non-bullous –> punched-out necrotic ulcer

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7
Q

which type of impetigo often leaves scars

A

ecthyma

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8
Q

how do staph exfoliative proteins infect skin in bullous impetigo

A

cleave off epidermis

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9
Q

evolution of bullous impetigo

A

small vesicles –> flaccid transparent bullae

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10
Q

difference between cellulitis and erysipelas & how is it distinguished

A
  • erysipelas is an acute, superficial form

- well-defined, red, raised border

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11
Q

is cell & ery unilateral or bilateral mostly

A

unilateral

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12
Q

causes of cell & ery

A
  • s aureus

- strep pyogenes

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13
Q

clinical features of folliculitis

A

deep/superficial tender red spots with surface pustule

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14
Q

types of folliculitis

A
  • acne variants

- buttock folliculitis

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15
Q

causes of folliculitis

A
  • s aureus (most common)
  • pseudomonal aeruginosa (poorly chlorinated water)
  • viral: herpes simplex, zoster
  • yeast/fungi: candida, tinea capitis
  • infestations: hair follicle mites, scabies
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16
Q

intertrigo is

A

rash in flexors

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17
Q

general clinical features of intertrigo

A
  • inflammation & uncomfortable

- moist –> fissures & peeling

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18
Q

RFs intertrigo

A
  • obesity
  • genetic tendency
  • hyperhidrosis
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19
Q

how to distinguish infectious vs inflammatory intertrigo

A
  • infectious –> unilateral & asymmetrical

- inflammatory –> bilateral

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20
Q

evolution of chicken pox

A

red papules –> vesicles

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21
Q

adult infection of chickenpox can show the following prodromal symptoms

A
  • 48hrs before rash
  • fever
  • malaise
  • headache
  • loss of appetite
  • abdo pain
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22
Q

definition of herpes zoster (shingles)

A

localised painful rash caused by reactivation of VZV

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23
Q

describe symptoms and evolution of HZV

A
  • area affected: s nerve pain, fever, headache, lymphadenopathy
  • 1-3 days: blistering rash
  • red papules –> crust pustules
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24
Q

post-herpetic neuralgia

A

Persistence/re-occurance of pain in the same area more than 1 month after onset of herpes zoster. Most common in facial infections and older age

25
Q

type of herpes simplex virus that is more symptomatic

A

type 2

26
Q

gingivostomatitis symptoms of type 1 HSV (oral & facial infections) in children 1-5

A
  • fever
  • restlessness
  • excessive dribbling & bad breath
  • problems with gums
  • white vesicles –> yellow ulcers
  • lymphadenopathy
27
Q

type 2 HSV is more common in

A

sexual activity

28
Q

what is eczema herpeticum that can result from HSV

A

severe & widespread infection, numerous blisters

29
Q

what is erythema multiforme that can result from HSV

A

symmetrical plaques on hands, forearms, feet & lower legs

30
Q

general symptoms of acute HIV infection syndrome

A
  • fever & lymphadenopathy
  • sore muscles/joints
  • malaise, loss of appetite & GI symptoms
31
Q

dermatological symptoms of acute HIV infection syndrome

A
  • erythematous maculopapular rash
  • ## mucocutaneous ulceration
32
Q

most common rash seen in HIV

A

pruritic papular eruption (diagnosis of exclusion)

33
Q

symptoms of pruritic papular eruption

A
  • itchy
  • discrete scratched red bumps
  • symmetrical
  • diffuse
  • extremities & trunk commonly affected
  • no mucosa, palmar or webbing involvement
34
Q

steps to treating pruritic papular eruption

A
  • 1st line: steroids, emollients, antihistamines

- 2nd line: phototherapy

35
Q

a thrombosed capillary vessel in warts leads to what appearance

A

hard surface with black dot in the middle

36
Q

clinical features of common warts

A
  • papules w/ hyperkeratotic, rough surface
  • back of fingers/toes, nails, knees
  • cauliflower-like
37
Q

clinical features of plantar warts

A
  • tender
  • inward growing ‘myrmecia’
  • clusters of mosaic warts
38
Q

clinical features of plane warts

A
  • flat
  • hands, face, shins
  • spread by shaving/scratch
39
Q

clinical features of miliform warts

A
  • long stalk

- common on face

40
Q

location of mucosal warts

A

lips & inside cheeks

41
Q

topical tx for warts and how long does it take to work

A
  • salicylic acid

- 12 weeks

42
Q

cryotherapy tx for warts & how long does it take to work

A
  • freezing wart

- 3-4 months

43
Q

electrosurgery tx for warts and how long does it take to heal

A
  • curettage & cautery
44
Q

RFs molluscum contagiosum

A
  • <10 yo
  • warm wet overcrowded conditions
  • atopic eczema
  • immunocompromised
45
Q

cause & spread of molluscum contagiosum

A
  • poxvirus

- skin2skin, indirect, auto-inoculation, sexual transmission

46
Q

clinical features molloscum contagiosum

A
  • clusters small round papules
  • white/pink/brown
  • shiny
47
Q

molluscum contagiosum physical tx

A
  • picking out white core
  • cryotherapy
  • laser ablation
48
Q

molluscum contagiosum medical tx

A
  • antiseptic

- wart paint

49
Q

causes of tinea

A
  • ringworm fungus
50
Q

clinical features of tinea

A
  • unilateral & itchy
  • superficial skin layers
  • mild
51
Q

6 diff types of tinea according to their location & drug-induced one

A
  • tinea corporis - trunk & limbs
  • tinea cruris - groin & natal cleft
  • tinea pedis - athlete’s foot
  • tinea manuum - hand
  • tinea capitis - scalp
  • tinea unguium - nails
  • tinea incognito - corticosteroids, ill-defined lesions, less scaly
52
Q

default for fungal is terbinafine (topical), when to use oral antifungals

A

severe, widespread/ nail infections

53
Q

why should u avoid topical steroids in fungal

A

tinea incognito

54
Q

candidiasis RFs

A
  • infant/elderly
  • warm
  • high oestrogen/pregnancy
  • DM
  • iron deficiency
  • immunocompromised
55
Q

clinical features of candidiasis

A

white plaques with erythema

56
Q

what is pityriasis versicolor and what causes it

A
  • yeast infection

- malassezia furfur

57
Q

RFs pitryasis versicolor

A
  • young adults
  • males
  • humid
  • warm environments
58
Q

clinical features of pitryasis versicolor

A
  • hyperpigmented scaly brown patches (can be hypopigmented)
  • upper trunk
  • do not tan on sun exposure

Y3 Dermatology Conditions (7 decks)

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