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Dermatology > Skin and Temperature Control > Flashcards

Skin and Temperature Control Flashcards

1
Q

What factor cause core body temperature to vary?

A

External temperature
Activity
Circadian rhythm
Menstrual cycle

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2
Q

What detects body temperature?

A

Peripheral thermoreceptors

Central thermoreceptors

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3
Q

Where are peripheral thermoreceptors found in the body?

A

Skin, especially in face, scrotum

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4
Q

Where are central thermoreceptors found in the body?

A

Spinal cord
Abdominal organs
Hypothalamus

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5
Q

How is heat generated in the body in response to cold stress?

A

General metabolism
Voluntary muscular activity
Shivering thermogenesis
Nonshivering thermogenesis

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6
Q

How is heat loss from the body reduced in response to cold stress?

A

Vasomotor control

Behavioural responses

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7
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

A fall in deep body temperature to below 35C

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8
Q

Who is at risk of cold stress?

A 
Neonates 
Elderly 
Vagrants 
Cold store workers 
Outdoor pursuits 
Offshore workers
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9
Q

What is the treatment for cold stress?

A

Dry/insulate to prevent further heat loss
Slow re-warming (bags, blankets, hot drinks, warm air)
Fast re-warming (immersion in water, extracorporeal circulation)

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10
Q

What vascular effects occur due to cold stress?

A

Vasoconstriction
Increase in viscosity
Promotes thrombosis
Causes anoxia

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11
Q

How is heat production minimised in response to heat stress?

A

Decreased physical activity

Decreased food intake

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12
Q

How is heat loss from the body increased in response to heat stress?

A

Vasomotor control
Sweating
Behavioural responses

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13
Q

What is heat exhaustion?

A

Body temperature raised in range 37.5-40C

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?

A 
Headache 
Clammy skin 
Confusion 
Nausea 
Profuse sweating 
Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Weak pulse 
Fainting and collapse
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15
Q

How is heat exhaustion caused?

A

Disturbance of the body’s fluid/salt balance due to excessive sweating

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16
Q

What is heat stroke?

A

Body temperature raised above 40C

17
Q

What are the symptoms of heat stroke?

A

Hot dry skin

Circulatory collapse

18
Q

Who is at risk of heat stress?

A

Neonates
Elderly
Physical work in hot humid environments
Workers wearing non breathable protective clothing

19
Q

What is the treatment for heat stress?

A 
Move to cooler environment 
Remove clothing 
Fan 
Sponge with tepid water 
Give fluids (oral, IV)
20
Q

What causes fever

A

Endogenous pyrogens (interleukins 1 and 6)

Dermatology (11 decks)

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