Introduction to Dermatology Flashcards
What are some examples of adnexal structures?
Hair
Nails
Glands
Sensory structures
What are the 5 layers of the skin?
Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum
What are the functions of the skin?
Thermoregulation (insulation, heat transfer)
Skin immune system
Barrier protection (mechanical, chemical, uv, keeps in water)
Sensation (temp, pain, touch)
Vitamin D synthesis
Interpersonal communication
Why is skin disease important?
Disfigurement (acne scars) Disability Discomfort (itch) Depression Death
What are the external causes of skin disease?
Temperature Ultraviolet light Chemical Infection Trauma
What are the internal causes of skin disease?
Systemic disease Autoimmune Genetics Drugs Infection
What is a macule?
Small circumscribed and flat lesion
What is a patch?
Large circumscribed and flat lesion
What is a papule?
Small raised area
What is a plaque?
Large raised area
What is a vesicle?
Small fluid filled area
What is a bulla?
Large fluid filled area
What is a pustule?
Small pus filled area
What is an abscess?
Large pus filled area
What is an erosion?
Loss of epidermis, heal well without scarring
What is an ulcer?
Lossof epidermis and dermis, heal with scarring
What are petechiae?
Small haemorrhages under the skin
What are purpura?
Larger haemorrhages under the skin
What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?
Insulin resistance
Obesity
Malignancy
What is eruptive xanthoma associated with?
Hyperlipidaemia
What is myxoedema?
Deposition of mucin in the skin
What should be done if a bacterial infection is suspected?
Charcoal swab, send for microscopy, culture and sensitivities
What should be done if a viral infection is suspected?
Viral swab for PCR
Throat swab for systemic illness
What should be done if a fungal infection is suspected?
Skin scraping
Nail clipping
Hair sample
Fungal cultures
